A migraine is a headache that creates moderate to severe pain, usually on one side of the head. The pain is described as pulsing, or throbbing, and is often accompanied by nausea and sensitivity to light, sounds and smells. Migraines are partly the result of an abnormal neurological condition that causes swelling of the vessels in the brain, according to the RxList website. Treatment is aimed at preventing attacks and relieving pain once a migraine has begun.
Triptans
Triptans are drugs that affect serotonin receptors in the brain, according to Merck Manuals Medical Library. They prevent the release of certain chemicals involved in generating a migraine and they cause blood vessels in the brain to constrict. Naratriptan, Eletriptan, Almotriptan and Frovatriptan are some of the medications in this class, according to RxList. Triptans are generally used for severe migraines and are similar in their effectiveness.
Ergot Drugs
Ergotamine tartrate and dihydroergotamine mesylate are in the ergot class of medications. These drugs are powerful constrictors of blood vessels and are used for severe migraine headaches.
Sedatives and Analgesics
For moderate pain, butalbital can be prescribed. Butalbital is a drug that combines a barbiturate with the pain reliever acetaminophen. It produces relaxation of the muscles and makes one feel sleepy. Sometimes butalbital is combined with aspirin and caffeine. Care must be taken because this drug can be habit forming, according to the Drugs website.
Isometheptene mucate, dichloralphenazone and acetaminophen are a combination of drugs called Midrin. This medication provides a mildly sedating effect and helps to constrict the swollen blood vessels of the brain.
Other Medications
Many drugs are used for the prevention of migraine headaches, but they do not stop the headache once it is under way. These medicines include antidepressants, blood pressure medications and anti-seizure drugs.
