Radiation--also called ionizing radiation--is a form of energy. There are several natural sources of radiation, such as sunlight and sound waves. Synthetic or man-made radiation can be found in medical or industrial products, such as X-rays, cancer treatments or nuclear power plants. The long-term effects of exposure to radiation can be serious, and should be discussed with your doctor if you work in an environment or participate in medical treatments that increase your exposure to radiation.
Cancer
Prolonged exposure to low levels of radiation can increase the risk of developing cancer, explain health officials at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Radiation is a type of high-energy X-ray that can penetrate the skin and damage the healthy cells within the body. When this occurs, cells may begin to malfunction and can replicate rapidly, leading to uncontrolled cell growth that can result in cancerous tumor formation.
Gene Mutations
Radiation exposure can cause damage to the genes--the segments of DNA that are responsible for a number of biological characteristics, including hair and eye color. Those who experience high doses of radiation exposure may develop gene mutations, and these can be passed on to infants during fetal development. Fetal damage from exposure to radiation is called a teratogenic effect, explains the Merck Manual, and can contribute to birth defects in some infants.
Skin Burns
Short-term exposure to high levels of radiation can cause skin burns, explain officials at the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. A skin burn caused by radiation exposure is typically localized to the region of the body treated with radiation. The skin will appear red or irritated, and patients may experience a painful burning sensation in the affected area. Severe skin damage can cause fluid-filled blisters to form at the site of radiation exposure. They can be extremely sensitive to touch and may leak fluid if scratched. These skin lesions can also result in permanent scarring of the damaged skin.
Radiation Sickness or Poisoning
People who experience high doses of radiation over a short period of time can develop radiation sickness or poisoning. Radiation sickness can cause specific symptoms, such as nausea, hair loss, weakness, skin burns and poor organ function, warn health officials at Medline Plus, a website provided by the National Institutes of Health. Extremely high levels of radiation can lead to premature aging and may be fatal in certain instances. Talk with your doctor if you have been exposed to radiation to ensure that you receive the appropriate treatment and care.
