Melatonin is a hormone that is produced in a small area in the brain called the pineal gland. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, the production of melatonin depends on the amount of light to which a person is exposed. The pineal gland produces more melatonin when it is dark, and less when the patient is exposed to light. Because the hormone is used in numerous medications, patients should understand exactly what melatonin does.
Induce Sleep
Melatonin is a natural sleeping aid. Production of melatonin by the pineal gland is increased during periods of darkness, which is why people tend to be sleepy in the evening or in dark rooms. Melatonin can be taken by a patient to produce this effect in a more natural way. Patients experiencing jet lag, insomnia or swing-shift working periods can use melatonin to induce sleep and redefine their sleeping habits.
Female Hormone Release
The University of Maryland Medical Center states that melatonin aids in the timing and release of certain female reproductive hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone. The levels of the melatonin in the body can determine the timing, frequency, and duration of a woman's menstruation. Decreased melatonin levels are seen in patients undergoing menopause. In women, melatonin also reduces the circulation of hormones that aid in pregnancy. According to MelatoninFAQ, melatonin can be added to some oral contraceptives to increase their overall efficacy.
Antioxidant and Cancer Protection
Melatonin is a versatile antioxidant. The hormone reduces damage caused by reactive oxidants that could damage cells. This protection also extends to cancer protection. Lower melatonin levels have been linked to breast and prostate cancer. Furthermore, melatonin can be used to increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy.
Anti-aging
The University of Maryland Medical Center reports that melatonin levels can be linked to aging. The highest levels of melatonin can be found in young children at nighttime. These levels drop as the child ages. This decrease in melatonin may be the reason why older adults have sleep disturbances.
Side Effects
Melatonin may cause headaches, daytime drowsiness, dizziness, abdominal pain, confusion and vivid nightmares, according to the Mayo Clinic. These side effects are mostly due to the ability of melatonin to influence the brain's sleep schedule. Side effects can usually be reduced by lessening the dose of melatonin or by stopping intake of the hormone.
Member Comments