Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disorder characterized by abnormally rapid turnover of skin cells and scaly buildup. Treatment usually involves topical solutions, although people with more severe cases may need oral or injected medication. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved salicylic acid as a topical medication for treating psoriasis.
Psoriasis Identification
Psoriasis is rare in children, but about 3 percent of adults have the disorder, according to the National Psoriasis Foundation. In psoriasis, skin cells die and new ones develop faster than normal. This leads to thick patches of dry, dead cells on the skin surface, with inflammation and silvery, flaky scales. Affected areas can be itchy and painful. For some people the condition is debilitating, particularly when it involves psoriatic arthritis.
Salicylic Acid
Salicylic acid occurs in certain plants such as willow bark and wintergreen leaves. Natural and synthetic forms of this chemical can treat various skin disorders, including psoriasis, acne and dandruff. Salicylic acid is available as an active ingredient in products such as creams, ointments, gels and shampoos, in both over-the-counter and prescription strengths.
Function
Salicylic acid has a beneficial role in treating psoriasis because it promotes shedding of dead skin cells, as explained by the Mayo Clinic. Salicylic acid breaks down keratin, a protein that is part of the skin's structure. It also has analgesic (pain relieving) and antipyretic (anti-inflammatory) qualities, also helpful for psoriasis patients. Some psoriasis treatments combine salicylic acid with other medications, such as coal tar or topical corticosteroids, for added benefits. It is usually most effective for mild cases of psoriasis.
Side Effects
High-strength preparations of salicylic acid can cause skin irritation, as noted by the National Psoriasis Foundation. Salicylic acid also may weaken hair shafts, leading to hair breakage and temporary hair loss. Some people experience flushing (involving skin redness and unusually warm skin), a side effect that often disappears with time. Applying the treatment sparingly at first and gradually increasing the amount can help.
Warning
In rare cases, the body may absorb too much salicylic acid, which can be toxic. This may occur if an individual applies salicylic acid over large areas of skin or to broken skin. Signs of toxicity as listed by the Mayo Clinic include confusion, dizziness, unusual tiredness or drowsiness, weakness, headache, nausea, diarrhea, rapid breathing, buzzing or ringing in the ears, and hearing loss.
