The West Nile virus has been present in the United States since 1999. The Mayo Clinic explains that West Nile virus is contracted when you are bitten by a mosquito that has previously bitten an infected bird. The virus is not passed human-to-human. Most people never know they have been infected, but it is possible to develop mild symptoms. This symptomatic illness is called West Nile fever. Rarely, a victim develops severe neurological symptoms as a result of the virus.
Fever
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that around one-fifth of the people infected with the virus will develop a fever from it. This fever is often accompanied by backache, headache and swollen lymph nodes. You may feel achy all over.
Nausea
Nausea is another common symptom of West Nile fever. This may worsen into diarrhea and vomiting. You may lose your appetite for several days; a sore throat may further dampen your interest in eating.
Fatigue
As with most viruses, you may feel fatigued as your body fights the infection. This excessive tiredness can last for several weeks but usually resolves within days.
Rash
Some people with West Nile fever develop a skin rash. This rash can have a varied appearance; a typical presentation is a group of small red spots on the back, stomach or limbs. The rash often feels itchy and slightly painful.
Neurological Manifestations
Rarely, the virus will invade the neurological system, causing dangerous complications. When it attacks the spinal cord, the resultant inflammation is called West Nile poliomyelitis. An invasion of the brain itself is called West Nile encephalitis. When this includes the membranes surrounding the brain as well, it is called West Nile meningoencephalitis. Finally, an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the spinal cord and brain is referred to as West Nile meningitis.
Symptoms of serious nervous system involvement include any of the following: high fever, coma, stiff neck, seizures, paralysis, severe headache, confusion, severe weakness, difficulty breathing and uncontrollable tremors. These symptoms usually mean that hospitalization will be required. It can take several weeks for improvement; some individuals have permanent neurological damage from experiencing these complications.
