Kava kava (Piper methysticum) is an herb with medicinal properties. It has been used in the Pacific Islands for centuries as an alcohol-like beverage and is valued today for its relaxing effects. Like all herbs and supplements, kava kava can cause unwanted side effects, some of which can be dangerous. Understanding the potential side effects of kava can help minimize negative outcomes while allowing you to get the most from the herb.
Drowsiness
Like alcohol and other depressants, kava affects the neurotransmitter GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) and may cause drowsiness and sedation. Increased levels of GABA often result in feelings of relaxation, reduced muscle tension and drowsiness, which can be beneficial in people with anxiety or muscle pain. While it may be desirable in the case of insomnia, sedation can be dangerous when operating a vehicle or performing other dangerous tasks.
To reduce the risks associated with kava-induced drowsiness, avoid driving or operating machinery while taking the supplement. Taking kava close to bedtime may minimize the problems associated with this side effect.
Dizziness
Dizziness is a relatively common side effect of kava, though it is usually associated with higher doses. Starting with a low dose of kava, such as 50mg per day, can help prevent dizziness and loss of coordination. If you experience dizziness while taking kava, it may be helpful to sit or lie down and avoid excessive movement until the feeling passes.
Nausea
According to Drug Information Online, nausea is among the most common side effects of kava. While nausea is generally not a sign of serious adverse effects, you should report it to your doctor if it is persistent or severe.
Interactions
Kava's ability to slow bodily functions like breathing and heart rate may be intensified when the herb is taken with other depressants like alcohol. The additive effects of kava and other depressants may increase the risk of respiratory depression, cardiac arrest and death.
To avoid dangerous drug interactions, do not take kava with other depressants like benzodiazepines, barbiturates, opiates or alcohol. Other potential interactions include diuretics, anti-seizure medications and the anti-Parkinson's drug levodopa.
Liver Damage
According to E Med TV, kava has been associated with irreversible liver damage and acute liver failure in rare instances. If you experience upper abdominal pain, yellowing of the skin or other signs of liver damage, seek immediate medical attention. Do not take kava if you have a history of liver disease, and avoid taking it with hepatotoxic substances like alcohol or acetaminophen.
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