Buerger's disease, also known as thromboangiitis obliterans, is a rare disorder characterized by occlusion of the small blood vessels. According to Medline Plus, a service of the National Institutes of Health, blood vessels of the hands and feet are typically affected by this disease and become constricted or completely blocked. Caused by an inflammation of the vessels, or vasculitis, Buerger's leads to reduced or lack of oxygen flow to the extremities, causing damage to these tissues. Males aged 20 to 40 with a history of heavy tobacco use are "classic Buerger's disease patients," according to the Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center.
Pain
Commonly, the first symptom of Buerger's disease is in either or both the hands and feet during rest. The pain in the digits results from lack of oxygen as a consequence of obstructed blood flow. The Johns Hopkins Vasculitis Center also notes that exercise induces pain in the hands and feet because of insufficient blood flow--a phenomenon known as claudication. Moreover, the pain may start at the extremities, but can extend up toward the central area of the body.
Neuropathy
Peripheral neuropathy from Buerger's disease includes symptoms such as numbness and cool or tingling sensations of the extremities. This occurs from malfunctioning nerves because of the lack of oxygenated blood flow.
Raynaud's Phenomenon
According to Medline Plus, a history of Raynaud's disease can predispose an individual to developing Buerger's disease. Raynaud's disease results from spasms of the arteries of the upper and lower extremities, causing blood vessel constriction in those areas. Meanwhile, Raynaud's phenomenon associated with Buerger's disease causes extremities to turn white upon exposure to cold temperatures. Medline Plus also states the cold and emotional stress may intensify all symptoms of the disease.
Skin Changes
Ulcers, or open sores, can develop on the hands and feet. Decreased blood flow to these areas can impede normal healing because tissue needs the oxygen and nutrients from the blood to regenerate itself. The John Hopkins Vasculitis Center also says gangrene of the digits commonly affects those afflicted with Buerger's disease. Gangrene occurs from necrosis, or death of tissue, as a consequence of complete circulatory obstruction.
