Omega-3 fatty acids are essential fatty acids that lower triglycerides and reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke and death. Omega-3s are available in foods such as fish, flaxseed and walnuts but can also be supplemented in capsule form. Other names for omega-3 supplements are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), cod liver oil, n-3 fatty acids and fish oil. Omega-3 supplements are generally considered safe by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) but can have side effects.
Gastrointestinal Discomfort and Taste
Intestinal discomfort and bad aftertaste are the most common side effects of omega-3 supplements. Side effects that have been specifically reported with fish oil supplements include nausea, diarrhea, burping, acid reflux, heartburn, bloating and abdominal pain. Medline Plus, a website of the National Institutes of Health, advises taking fish oil supplements with meals and gradually increasing dosage to minimize side effects.
Bleeding
Omega-3 fatty acids increase the risk of bleeding. The University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC) encourages individuals who bruise easily, have a bleeding disorder or who take blood thinning medications use caution when taking omega-3 supplements. Blood-thinning medications, including aspirin, may negatively interact with omega-3 supplements.
Decreased Blood Pressure
People with existing low blood pressure or those that take medications to lower blood pressure should be cautious when taking omega-3 supplements. Multiple studies have shown that omega-3 fatty acids lower blood pressure, according to Medline Plus. Low blood pressure can cause dizziness, fainting, blurred vision, nausea, cold skin, fatigue and increased thirst.
Increased Blood Sugar
The UMMC says fish oil supplements can raise blood sugar and may interact with diabetic medications such as glipizide, glyburide, metformin and insulin. Although current evidence does not suggest that fish oil supplements have a long-term effect on blood sugar, Medline Plus recommends that diabetics consult a physician prior to taking a supplement.
Additional Side Effects
Individuals with allergies or sensitivities to fish should not take omega-3 fish oil supplements, according to Medline Plus. Other side effects that have been reported with the use of fish oil supplements are rash, abnormal liver function and psychological disorders especially in people who are bipolar or depressed.
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