The breasts are hormonally regulated tissues which undergo cyclical changes in size and texture throughout life. They are made up of a series of lobules connected to the nipple by ducts, all of which are surrounded by fat, connective tissue, lymph nodes and blood vessels. Occasionally, lesions can develop in various tissues within the breast, leading to the formation of lumps. The lesions are often benign, but can increase future risk for cancer. If you notice a difference in the feel of your breasts or the development of lumps, discuss any concerns with your doctor.
Adenosis
Adenosis occurs when there is too much glandular tissue within the breast, and the lobules of the breast grow too much. The condition occurs at a cellular level when too many lobule cells are created. Adenosis often leads to the development of various lumps within the breast, and eventually causes breast pain. Adenosis can usually be seen on a mammogram and diagnosed following a biopsy.
According to the Stanford School of Medicine, adenosis usually occurs in women around the age of 50. Adenosis increases the risk for the developing benign or invasive tumors, and treatment for adenosis can include surgery.
Cysts
Cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop within the breast, causing a lump. According to the University of Rochester, cysts are common in women aged 35 to 50, and commonly effect women entering menopause. If the cyst is near the surface of the skin, it may feel similar to a blister, whereas deep cysts may feel like hard lumps.
Cysts can be diagnosed by a physical examination, and can also be detected using a mammogram or ultrasound. The treatment for a cyst involves draining the fluid with a needle, which causes the cyst to collapse and heal itself. Cysts are generally fairly harmless and do not typically develop into cancer.
Phyllodes Tumor
Phyllodes tumors are fibrous growths that create small lumps within the breast. The lumps are usually hard and painless, with well-defined borders, and can occur anywhere within the breast. Although some forms of phyllodes tumors are not cancerous, they do increase the risk of developing cancer in the future.
Phyllodes tumors can be identified by a physical examination and by a mammogram. Often, a biopsy of the mass will be analyzed to determine the severity of the tumor. The University of Rochester reports that phyllodes tumors may be dangerous if they grow quickly, or grow to over 0.8 inches in diameter. The treatment is surgical removal, and patients must undergo regular mammograms following surgery to monitor the health of their breasts.
