According to the Cleveland Clinic, corticosteroids are human-produced drugs that resemble cortisol, which is a hormone produced naturally by the adrenal glands. Common corticosteroids include fluticasone, budesonide, cortisone, prednisone and methylprednisolone. Corticosteroids work by decreasing inflammation, often seen as redness, swelling or pain. They are often used to treat conditions such as asthma, lupus or rashes. As with any medication, side effects can occur from the use of these drugs.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a side effect of corticosteroids. Glaucoma causes damage to the optic nerve of the eye from an increase in fluid pressure in the eye. According to MedlinePlus, it is the leading cause of blindness in the U.S.
Hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia or high blood glucose (sugar) occurs as a result of the body not having enough insulin or when the body is not able to use insulin effectively. This can be a concern with a person with asthma and diabetes. As a result, steroids may increase complications from diabetes.
Loss of Blood Calcium
Steroids can increase the loss of blood calcium. This may lead to the development of osteoporosis, a disease that weakens the bones and increases the chance of breakage. If long-term steroid use occurs, it is important to eat a calcium-rich diet and to have bone mineral density tests to monitor levels.
Edema
Edema is a swelling from fluid retention in the legs, feet or ankles. According to MedlinePlus, edema can be caused in the presence of disease (heart failure, kidney disease or pregnancy) or from certain medications such as steroids.
High Blood Pressure
High blood pressure or hypertension can occur as a result of steroids. According to MedlinePlus, a blood pressure of 140 over 90 or higher is considered to be high. Hypertension has no symptoms and can lead to more serious conditions such as a heart attack, kidney failure or stroke.
Weight Gain
Weight gain is a side effect from the use of steroid medications. This is one of the most common side effects. In addition to weight gain, it may also have an effect on the location of fat, with a greater concentration found in the face, abdomen and the back of the neck, according to the Mayo Clinic.
Cataracts
Cataracts are a possible side effect of steroid medication. Cataracts effect vision and are characterized by clouding in the lens of the eye. This is a long-term effect of steroid use and usually occurs in older people.
Other Effects
Steroid medications can also cause other side effects including an increase in infection risk, menstrual irregularities, slower wound healing time or mood swings. Side effects from steroids can vary based upon the type of medication, frequency and longevity of use. A health care provider should be alerted to the presence of any side effects.
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