Depression is a mood disorder with unknown causes. Its severity can range from mild to severe and it could occur as a single episode or chronically. Symptoms of depression include changes in sleeping patterns, changes in appetite and weight, fatigue, feelings of guilt, self-hate and hopelessness, agitation, withdrawal and inactivity.
Treatment for depression can involve lifestyle changes, medication and psychotherapy. Experts are studying dietary supplements for their role in treating depression. Some studies show promise, but many are still controversial. The Mayo Clinic reminds individuals that dietary supplements are not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration and can have side effects and possible negative interactions with prescription medication. Talk with a physician prior to taking supplements to treat depression.
St. John's Wort
St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) is the most popular supplement for depression according to the AARP. The Mayo Clinic says it has been used for centuries and is popular for treating mild to moderate depression. St. John's wort may work by affecting serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine, which are neurotransmitters that regulate mood. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC), improvements with St. John's wort may not been seen for 4-6 weeks. Side effects are mild and appear to be less severe than traditional medications, but may include dry mouth, dizziness, confusion, sensitivity to sunlight, constipation, intestinal discomfort and interactions with prescription medications.
SAMe
S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe) is a naturally occurring amino acid and is available as a supplement in synthetic form. According to the Mayo Clinic, SAMe is a prescription drug used in Europe to treat depression. SAMe may work by itself or with other anti-depressants to increase dopamine and treat mild to moderate depression. Side effects of SAMe include headache, insomnia, jitteriness and loose stool. The AARP warns that controlled research regarding SAMe's affect on depression is limited and the optimal dosage is unclear.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Omega-3 fatty acids support heart health and may have a role in treating depression. According to the Mayo Clinic, omega-3s from supplements and foods may ease depression and the UMMC says they may work in conjunction with anti-depressants. Food sources of omega-3 fatty acids include fish, flaxseed, flaxseed oil and walnuts.
Ginko Biloba
Studies using ginko biloba to treat memory problems have also seen improvement in depression, according to the UMMC. Animal studies have also shown that ginko biloba may increase serotonin levels.
5-HTP
5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) is a chemical made by the body that increases serotonin and may work like an anti-depressant. The UMMC warns that combining 5-HTP with traditional anti-depressants can lead to dangerously high levels of serotonin, so it should not be taken without a doctor's supervision.
Additional Supplements
Additional supplements that may help depression, according to the UMMC, are alpha-linoleic acid (ALA), ginseng, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), docosahexanoic acid (DHA), lavender, melatonin, peppermint, selenium, tyrosine and valerian. Current scientific research has not proven the efficacy of these supplements to treat depression.
