The differences between chiropractors and osteopaths seem subtle when the philosophies are compared. The differences become obvious when considering the scope of practice and the educational requirements of the two. Both subscribe to the whole body concept of treatment. While chiropractors believe nerve interference causes disease, osteopaths believe lack of blood flow leads to disease.
Osteopathy
Osteopathy was founded in the 1860s by Andrew Taylor Still. Andrew Still was a medical doctor and surgeon who served in the Union Army. In 1864 Still lost his three children to spinal meningitis. He became disenchanted with orthodox medicine and began studying the relationship between the musculoskeletal system and disease. According to the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathy, "Osteopathic medicine is a distinctive form of medical care founded on the philosophy that all body systems are interrelated and dependent upon one another for good health."
Chiropractic
Chiropractic was founded in 1895 by Daniel David Palmer. According to the American Chiropractic Association, the chiropractor is devoted to paying careful attention to the biomechanics, function and structure of the spine, its effects on the musculoskeletal and neurological systems and the role played by the proper function of these systems in the preservation and restoration of health. Chiropractors believe the body will heal itself if the structure and function are corrected.
Osteopathic Scope of Practice
Osteopathic physicians have gained the rights to perform surgery and prescribe medicine. They practice more in line with allopathic doctors. Osteopaths still believe in the philosophy of treating the whole person rather than treating only the symptoms. However, the number of osteopaths that perform manipulation has dwindled. Osteopaths are required to train in hospitals in the various disciplines required of medical doctors, including residencies. They are also able to specialize in different types of medical practice.
Chiropractic Scope of Practice
Chiropractors limit their practice to headaches, low back pain, sciatica, joint problems and related issues. They treat osteoarthritis, spinal disk conditions, carpal tunnel syndrome and tendon and ligament issues such as sprains and strains. Chiropractors do not administer prescription medication, although they do recommend vitamins and herbal remedies. They do not perform invasive treatments. Chiropractors' educational requirements are not as involved as those of osteopaths, as chiropractors do not perform surgery. The main treatment modalities used by a chiropractor are spinal manipulation, physical therapy and nutrition. The chiropractic philosophy is that structure and function are dependent on one another. If the structure is corrected, the function will correct itself, allowing the body to heal.
Chiropractor or Osteopath
When deciding which health provider is best for you, many things should be considered. The nature of the health issue, the severity and your personal preference should play a role in making a decision. Problems of the spine such as general back pain, muscle strains and sprains, sciatica and headaches may be best treated more conservatively by a chiropractor. Illnesses such as bacterial infections, viral infections and systemic diseases that require medications and more aggressive treatment are more suited to treatment by an osteopath.
