Non-invasive breast cancer, often called "Stage 0" breast cancer, can be a very early stage in the development of a breast tumor or simply a risk factor for future breast cancer onset. There are two subtypes of non-invasive breast cancer: lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The subtype of the non-invasive cancer as well as family history and personal preference will direct the treatment options for this condition.
Monitoring and Management
Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is not technically considered cancer and may not require any treatment, even if a large area of the breast becomes affected. The National Research Center for Women and Families explains that most health professionals agree that LCIS is a manageable condition rather than a disease that requires treatment. Just as obesity presents a risk factor for heart disease but not heart disease itself, LCIS presents a risk factor for breast cancer, but not cancer. Women with LCIS should be monitored regularly by mammogram and self-exams for breast changes that may indicate cancer has developed.
Hormonal Therapies
Women with LCIS may choose to undergo hormonal therapies to decrease their risk for developing breast cancer. The National Research Center for Women and Families explains that hormonally based therapies such as tamoxifen can reduce breast cancer risk. However, hormonal therapies may have potentially dangerous side effects and can increase the incidence of stroke and endometrial cancers. Tamoxifen therapy may also be used to prevent breast cancer in women who have been diagnosed with and undergone surgery for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).
Surgery
Women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) have multiple surgical treatment options available. According to the American Cancer Society, most women with DCIS choose to undergo lumpectomy in which a surgeon removes cancerous tissue and some normal tissue surrounding it. Lumpectomy leaves a woman's breast intact with minimal need for breast reconstruction. Some women with elevated risk of breast cancer, such as a family history of the disease, may choose to have a complete mastectomy of one or both breasts. The National Cancer Institute has concluded, however, that mastectomy does not statistically increase survival time for women with DCIS relative to lumpectomy.
Radiation
The National Research Center for Women and Families recommends that women undergo radiation therapy after lumpectomy. Radiation can help prevent tumors from developing in the same breast after lumpectomy. Women with DCIS who undergo lumpectomy followed by radiation have the same survival rates as women who have mastectomy.
