Colon cancer is cancer of the large intestine. Rectal cancer affects the last few inches of the colon, which is why this disease is also known as colorectal cancer. The American Cancer Society (ACS) states the exact cause of this cancer is not always known, although certain risk factors can increase your chances of developing it. Some of these risk factors are under your control.
Your Age
The Mayo Clinic and ACS state that approximately 90 percent of people diagnosed colon cancer are over the age of 50.
Smoking
As the Colon Cancer Alliance (CCA) explains, people who smoke increase their risk of developing polyps (noncancerous clumps of cells in the colon that may become cancerous) and colon cancer. The ACS concurs, stating that long-time smokers are more likely than non-smokers to develop and die from colon cancer.
Family History
Your risk increases if you have a close family member such as a parent or sibling who suffers from this cancer. The ACS adds that this is especially true when these family members develop colon cancer at a younger age. The CCA also states that the more relatives with this disease, the greater your risk.
Diet
What you eat may play a large role in your risk factor and is something you have complete control over. The ACS explains that diets high in red meats such as beef and liver, or processed meats such as bologna and hot dogs can increase your risk. Swapping these foods for fruits and vegetables may reduce your risk.
Personal History
Just as family history of colon cancer increases your risk, so too does a personal history of this disease. The CCA explains that a person who has already had colon cancer may develop it a second time. In addition, women with a history of ovarian, breast or uterine cancer have a slightly higher risk of developing colon cancer.
Obesity
Both the Mayo Clinic and ACS state that people who are overweight are at a greater risk of developing and dying from colon cancer than those who are at a normal weight. To reduce your risk, ask your doctor what your normal weight is and work with him to devise a healthy eating plan.
