Cayenne has analgesic properties due to the presence of capsaicin, which also gives the spice its heat. Capsaicin causes the body to release a neurotransmitter ("substance P") whose job is to register injury and produce the sensation of pain. Research has shown that regular applications of capsaicin can deplete substance P in a specific area, leading to less pain. However, capsaicin does not wash easily from the skin, leading to concerns over skin irritation, among other side effects. As a folkloric remedy, individuals have ingested cayenne to promote digestion, circulation and metabolism, but these effects have not been documented by research and carry other risks and side effects.
Bleeding
Cayenne can be applied externally to small, superficial wounds to equalize blood pressure and stop the bleeding. However, when taken internally, cayenne can increase the risk of bleeding and interfere with blood-thinner medications, notes the University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC). Moreover, individuals on ACE inhibitors (medications which regulate blood pressure) may have an increased risk of cough.
Stomach Ulcers
According to the UMMC, capsaicin may cause an increase in stomach acid production, and may lessen the effectiveness of both prescription or over-the-counter medication.
Skin Irritation
Topical capsaicin creams may produce an unpleasantly hot or tingling sensation on the skin which may decrease through use, notes the PeaceHealth medical group. Capsaicin exposure in the eyes, nose or mouth can induce a burning sensation. Due to high variability of skin sensitivity, PeaceHealth recommends testing products on a small skin area.
Precautions
Cayenne can pass into the breast milk and create complications for newborns and infants, cautions the UMMC. Pregnant women and children should avoid cayenne and capsaicin due to undocumented side effects. Individuals using medications who are interested in cayenne or capsaicin therapy should refer to their primary care provider to learn about potential drug interactions and treatment options.
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