More than 18 million Americans are diagnosed with allergies and hay fever a year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. An allergic reaction occurs when a person's immune system doesn't recognize a particular substance such as pollen, venom from an insect bite or a particular food protein. The body releases antibodies and histamine in order to attack the perceived intruder. The heightened levels of histamine cause various reactions in the body such as respiratory issues, hives and asthma. While most allergies are treated with over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, some allergies may result in further complications such as upper respiratory infections, asthma, anaphylactic shock and eczema.
Upper Respiratory Infections
Upper respiratory infections are a common complication of seasonal allergies. Seasonal allergies typically result in nasal congestion, promoting upper respiratory congestion. The body overproduces mucus in the sinus cavity, causing inflammation in the sinuses and leading to postnasal drip and sinusitis (sinus infection). Postnasal drip is a condition where the sinuses drip excess mucus in the back of the throat, which leads to chest and throat congestion. The excess mucus creates a perfect moist environment for the growth of bacteria, viruses and fungi, producing infection.
Asthma
The Mayo Clinic claims that a person with allergies is more prone to develop asthma. Asthma is a result of an immune response that triggers the lungs and airways to constrict, causing difficulty breathing. Asthma is commonly treated with a doctor's prescription for a medicated inhaler to relax the airways, allowing proper breathing. If you suffer from severe asthma, seek medical advice on how to avoid and treat allergies. A severe asthmatic attack can lead to major complications and even death.
Anaphylactic Shock
Anaphylactic shock is a rare allergic reaction in which the entire body responds to the allergen. It is the most common for people who are allergic to insect bites and stings and should be taken very seriously. Anaphylactic shock comes on suddenly, as the entire body begins to release extreme levels of histamine. A person may experience shortness of breath, abdominal pain, wheezing, dizziness, vomiting and other reactions. If you think you are experiencing anaphylactic shock, call 9-1-1 and get medical attention immediately. Anaphylactic shock can result in death.
Eczema
Eczema is an allergic skin reaction commonly triggered by allergic reactions. Eczema is common in babies and young children who mostly grow out of the condition later in life. Eczema begins as small, red dots on the skin that become itchy and irritated. They soon turn into raised bumps that commonly ooze and crust over. If not treated, eczema can leave permanent scaring. Eczema is treated with oral antihistamines, if related to seasonal allergies, and with prescribed topical steroidal lotions.
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