Cough is one of the most pervasive cold symptoms. Some prescription medicines suppress or relieve cough symptoms. Medications prescribed by a doctor are generally stronger and longer lasting than over-the-counter anti-cough medications, which come in two types, antitussives and expectorants, according to FamilyDoctor.org.
Prescription Antitussives and Expectorants
Expectorants and antitussives are the main medications used to treat cough and colds. The prescription medication Ztuss is a brand-name example of guaifenesin, an expectorant. Antitussives often contain narcotics as well, typically codeine, to relieve pain. Prescription antitussive brand names include Tussigon and Mycodene.
If you have asthma or other breathing problems, ask your doctor before using these medications. People with certain health problems such as liver or kidney disease, Addison's disease or enlarged prostate should not use prescription cold and cough medicines long term. These medications should only be used after consulting your doctor, as they can be more addictive than over-the-counter medications.
Over-the-Counter Antitussives
Antitussive medications are a syrup form of cough suppressants. The drug dextromethorphan, with brand names like DexAlone, Robitussin Cough and Vicks 44 Cough and Cold, is often recommended by pharmacists. Dextromethorphan relieves cough symptoms temporarily. According to Drugs.com, however, it is not effective in relieving a cough due to smoking or emphysema. It can also help suppress coughs from upper respiratory tract infections, sinus inflammation, sore throat or bronchitis. Drugs.com advocates not using dextromethorphan if you are allergic to any of its ingredients or if you are on certain medications. If a cough persists for more than a week, contact your doctor.
Over-the-Counter Expectorants
Expectorants such as guaifenesin loosen congestion. When the congestion in your chest and throat is loosened, it is easier to cough up. Guaifenesin is sold under brand names like Breonesin, Humibid Pediatric, Organidin NR and Scot-Tussin, among others.
According to Drugs.com, guaifenesin loosens phlegm and reduces congestion caused by colds, infections or allergies. This loosening of congestion provides a more productive cough and can help ease a cold sooner. When taking guaifenesin, make sure to read the directions carefully. Do not take guaifenesin if you are allergic to any of the medication's ingredients or are on certain medications. If your cough persists, contact your doctor.
