Alcohol poisoning occurs when an excessive amount of alcohol is consumed in a short period of time. According to the Mayo Clinic, rapidly consuming five or more drinks in a row is binge drinking, which is the primary cause of alcohol poisoning and a concern on university campuses. Alcohol poisoning can impair major body systems and lead to unconsciousness, coma or brain damage. In severe cases, it results in death. When alcohol poisoning is suspected, call 911 for emergency assistance.
Nausea and Vomiting
Alcohol is rapidly absorbed by the body, yet it is not as rapidly processed and eliminated from the body. Specifically, alcohol will reach the brain within a minute after being ingested. However, it will take much longer for the liver to process the alcohol so it then can be excreted from the body. One sign of alcohol poisoning comes from the gastrointestinal system as it tries to rid the body of the excess toxicity of alcohol by nausea and vomiting. A vital function that alcohol impairs, however, is the gag reflex, which means that the afflicted person may choke on his own vomit with some material getting aspirated into the lungs. Asphyxiation may occur, in which case the individual can die. Do not leave the person lying flat on his back. Turn him on his side to prevent choking.
Respiratory Depression
Another sign of alcohol poisoning is that it slows the respiratory system, or what is referred to as respiratory depression. Irregularities in your breathing pattern can occur when the alcohol content is so high that it interferes with the circulatory system's ability to distribute oxygen throughout the body. As few as eight breaths or fewer per minute may occur. If the person is conscious, instruct him to inhale and exhale so that a consistent breathing pattern can be maintained until medical help arrives.
Hypothermia
As noted by the Mayo Clinic, alcohol depresses nerves that regulate involuntary vital actions such as the gag reflex, breathing and heartbeat. Another sign of alcohol poisoning is hypothermia (low body temperature), with the skin turning bluish because of reduced oxygen in the blood. As the body systems begin to slow or shut down and the body's temperature drops, shock and cardiac arrest can result. Keep the person warm by covering him with blankets or coats until help arrives. Additionally, if his glucose (blood sugar) level drops dangerously low, seizures may occur. Keep the person's head clear of any objects to avoid head injuries.
Mental Changes
Confusion is a symptom of alcohol consumption, as well as trouble with speaking and performing motor tasks. However, these also can be considered to be signs of alcohol poisoning. Mental slowness or stupor, as well as a loss of consciousness can occur. If the person becomes non-arousable, a coma is possible. Do not take a chance when it comes to alcohol poisoning---call for medical assistance.
