1. An X-ray Exam
Radiographs, or x-rays, are the most common way to identify sternal fractures. To obtain a radiograph of the sternum and ribs, a patient stands in front of an x-ray machine that takes pictures of the area. A radiologist then reads the x-ray to determine if there is a sternal fracture and report the findings to the doctor. Women who are pregnant cannot have this type of test performed because of the risk it presents to the baby.
2. Costly Cat Scans
Cat scans are another way to identify a sternal fracture. A cat scan is like an x-ray, but it provides more detailed information about the sternum and its surroundings. During a cat scan, the patient will lay on a table while the cat scan machine circles the body, taking pictures from all angles. A cat scan can provide a 3-D view of the body. A doctor is better able to identify a sternal fracture much easier with a cat scan. In addition, a doctor can determine if internal organs around the sternum have been injured such as the lungs or heart through a cat scan. Cat scans are the most effective way to identify a sternal fracture, but they are also the most costly method.
3. A Look Inside with Ultrasound
The use of an ultrasound machine is another way a doctor can identify a sternal fracture. Technicians use an ultrasound machine to look at internal organs or a growing fetus. It is a technologically advanced machine where the patient lies flat on his back while the technician slides a probe over the affected area and takes pictures. This type of exam is comparable to a regular radiograph. However, it is just as effective for detecting sternal fractures as the other methods.
4. Determination by Injury
Sometimes a doctor can determine a possible sternal fracture by the type of injury that the patient had to result in the chest pain. Sternal fractures are common in auto accidents. In a car crash, the victim hits the steering wheel with such pressure that it fractures the sternum. Sometimes, sternal fractures can result from blows received in boxing, wrestling, football or rugby. On rare occasions, sternal fractures can be the result of repetitive motions such as doing sit-ups.
