The appearance of a rash on a child's face, while disquieting, is seldom cause for an urgent visit to the doctor. Most commonly, a rash on the face signifies some type of viral infection, according to AskDrSears.com. Even minor skin irritants such as certain foods, saliva, and rubbing against rough clothing can cause a child's face to become blotchy, or break out in tiny, red bumps.
Erythema Infectiosum
Erythema infectiosum, or fifth disease, is a mild illness caused by an infection with the human parvovirus B19. Fifth disease is sometimes referred to as "slapped cheek disease" because of the appearance of a raised, red, rash on one or both cheeks. The disease is contagious, and is spread through saliva, and mucus. Symptoms usually begin with fatigue and a low grade fever. After several days, a lacy looking rash appears on the arms, legs and trunk, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The rash lasts from seven to 10 days.
Eczema
Eczema, or atopic dermatits, is a fairly common skin problem in infants and children. Merck Manuals Medical Library reports that about 5 percent of children in the United States have the condition. Eczema tends to run in families. The disease is often an allergic response to a trigger from the environment such as certain foods, molds or animal dander. When the rash first appears in an infant or young child, it looks thickened, red and weepy, and may crust over. The cheeks and areas around the eyes are often affected. Eczema itches and scratching can make it worse, sometimes causing an infection. When eczema occurs in childhood, it usually goes away by the time the child is 5-years-old, but can recur at times. The condition often totally resolves by the age of 30.
Impetigo
Impetigo is a common infection usually caused by staphylococci or streptococci bacteria. The disease is marked by itchy, pus filled blisters that form into clusters on the skin. These pustules rupture and form crusts. The rash is commonly located around the nose and mouth but can arise anywhere on the body. The illness resolves with the use of antibiotic ointment and any complications are rare.
