Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) represent several forms of fruit acids that can be used to encourage skin cell turnover and create younger, smoother-looking skin. Examples of AHA types include glycolic, citric, lactic, malic and tartaric acid, according to DERMADoctor. If you are an acne sufferer, AHAs can help you experience reduced occurrence of pimples by reducing the dead skin cells that can clog your pores.
Types
Alpha hydroxy acids are all derived from fruit acids, but may be used to eradicate different cosmetic issues. For example, glycolic acid is made from sugarcane and is helpful in reducing oils on the skin, according to DERMADoctor. Citric acid is made from citrus fruits, such as oranges and lemons, and is helpful in reducing the signs of aging. Lactic acid is made from sour milk and is an exfoliator that can be used to treat thick skin, such as rosacea. The other forms of AHAs, malic and tartaric acid, are used much less often in the treatment of acne, according to DERMADoctor.
Effects
When AHAs are applied to the face, they can loosen the "glue" that bonds old, dead skin cells to newer ones. These dead skin cells can clog the pores and cause pimples, whiteheads and blackheads to form. According to Science Daily, a study conducted by the Saint Louis University School of Medicine found facial peels containing AHAs are effective in reducing acne lesions. The study found that acne lesions reduced significantly within the first two weeks of application and then continued to improve a month after treatment.
Warning
While AHAs have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for topical use, some adverse effects have been reported. These include swelling, blistering, dermatitis, peeling, itching and chemical burns, according to the FDA. However, the FDA has performed several different studies on the effects of AHAs and found them to be safe for use.
Solution
For severe acne sufferers, an AHA cream that contains 8 percent AHAs or more should be prescribed, according to DERMADoctor. Most at-home treatments fall at about 3 percent AHA. Daily applications, such as a facial moisturizer, will contain a lesser percentage of AHAs. If your acne is mild to moderate, applying a cream or moisturizer containing AHAs on a daily basis and undergoing an AHA chemical peel by a skin care professional every month can minimize breakouts.
Considerations
While using AHA products, you may experience some dryness or even greater sensitivity to the sun, according to DERMADoctor. Because AHAs reveal younger skin that has been less exposed to the sun, your skin may burn more easily. For this reason, it is important to apply a sunscreen containing a sun protection factor of 15 or more in order to prevent harmful sunburns.
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