Dandruff and head lice are both fairly common problems. It can be tricky to tell the difference between the two conditions because lice eggs, also called nits, resemble dandruff flakes. You must know how to distinguish between them so you can use the proper treatment. Fortunately, several important differences can help you narrow it down.
Definition
Dandruff is a scalp condition marked by itching and flaking skin. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) explains it is usually caused by too much skin oil combined with a yeast infection. It is not harmful, but it can be challenging to treat and is often a source of embarrassment for sufferers because the flakes may fall onto clothing and be very visible. Head lice is a parasitic infestation. Small, blood-sucking insects take up residence on the affected person's head. The condition is very treatable, but it can be even more embarrassing than dandruff because it is often associated with poor personal hygiene. The Mayo Clinic says this is a myth.
Symptoms
Dandruff and lice have some symptoms in common. Both cause an itchy scalp and visible particles in the hair, according to the Mayo Clinic. Dandruff is a chronic condition that can go on for a long time and cannot be passed along to others. Head lice infestations are an acute problem that crops up suddenly. Lice can be spread to other people through direct contact or sharing of personal possessions.
Difference
Lori Rypka of Child Guide magazine says movement is the biggest difference between head lice and dandruff. The parasites will move through the hair, while dandruff flakes remain stationary. The University of Nebraska advises using a magnifying glass for visual examinations. Rypka recommends using a comb if you find stationary debris and are not sure whether it is nits or dandruff. Nits will stick to the hair and be difficult to comb out, while dandruff flakes will come out readily.
Treatment
It is important to distinguish between dandruff and lice because the two conditions have very different treatments. Lice are treated with medicated shampoos that kill the insects. It generally takes one or two treatments to cure the problem. The hair must also be thoroughly combed to remove all nits so they do not hatch and renew the problem. Dandruff is also treated with special shampoos that are used on an ongoing basis. Both lice and dandruff may require a prescription treatment if over-the-counter remedies are not effective.
Warning
Head lice are extremely contagious and need to be treated as quickly as possible. Otherwise, they may spread to other family members and anyone who has contact with the infected person. Inspect the person's head and make your determination as soon as you know there is a problem. Fast treatment can prevent a local epidemic.
