Arnica montana has a history of medicinal use that dates to the 1500s. It's still used today in ointments, liniments, salves, tinctures and creams, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. The flower heads contain the plant's medicinal power. Arnica taken internally can cause serious side effects, so it's usually restricted to topical applications.
Blunt Injuries
Arnica is used topically on sprains, bruises, muscle aches, superficial vein inflammation called phlebitis, swelling from fractures and inflammation from insect bites, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. It should never be used on skin that is broken, and is extremely painful if applied to a cut, according to "Practical Homeopathy" by Vinton McCabe. When it is applied to an injury quickly enough, arnica can help reverse the process that turns skin black and blue, according to Laura Josephson's "A Homeopathic Handbook of Natural Remedies."
Rheumatic Pain
Arnica is sometimes used to combat rheumatic pain, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. When arnica oil is used during cold weather, it can provide a protective layer of warmth, advises Josephson.
Pain Relief
Arnica can be used to prevent pain, and can be taken before pain-inducing events, such as a visit to the dentist, advises McCabe. It's also good to use after overexertion. These uses require a person to take arnica internally. The University of Maryland Medical Center advises that homeopathic doses are always in a diluted form, and can generally be considered safe if taken according to the directions on the product's label. Arnica should not otherwise be taken internally without direct supervision from a doctor, according to the medical center.
Burns and Bites
Arnica is sometimes combined with Urtica urens in a gel form and used to treat insect bites and stings, sunburn and burns, according to Josephson.
Other Uses
Less common uses for arnica include headaches, eczema, boils and gastritis, according to McCabe.
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