Black cohosh, otherwise known as black snakeroot, bugwort and rattleweed, is an herb that was popular for home use in 19th century America and is making a comeback as a home remedy for menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and night sweats. It has also been used to treat arthritis and muscle pain, states the National Institutes of Health's National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM). But few studies have confirmed its long-term efficacy or safety, and there are many potential risks to taking black cohosh.
Allergies
The Mayo Clinic warns that black cohosh contains small amounts of salicylic acid (an ingredient in aspirin), so people with an aspirin allergy, or an allergy to other salicylates, should be cautioned. Also avoid black cohosh if you know you're allergic to any members of the Ranunculaceae family (such as buttercup or crowfoot).
Pregnancy
The safety of black cohosh during pregnancy hasn't been established, according to the Mayo Clinic, but it is used by some nurse-midwives to stimulate labor as it may relax the walls of the uterus. However, it may have properties high in alcohol content, and thus might be ill-advised during pregnancy for the same reasons that women are discouraged from drinking alcohol. The NCCAM notes that its safety for pregnant women has not been proven.
Liver Damage
According to the NCCAM, experts suggest that people should discontinue use of black cohosh and consult a doctor if they develop any symptoms of liver trouble such as abdominal pain, dark urine or a yellowing of the skin. Hepatitis (inflammation of the liver) and liver failure have been reported in people taking black cohosh, and although these cases have not been definitively linked to the herb, scientists are concerned about the risk.
Discomfort
Clinical trials have shown that black cohosh can cause headaches, stomach discomfort, heaviness in the legs and weight problems, according to the NCCAM. The Mayo Clinic also states that loss of bone mass, constipation and slow or irregular heartbeat can occur.
Pre-Existing Conditions
The Mayo Clinic warns that black cohosh should be used cautiously in patients with a history of liver disease, high blood pressure, seizures and blood clots.
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