Stress is a normal reaction to any given situation that causes frustration, anger, worry or excitement. Stress is individualized and typically manageable. Anxiety is a more persistent feeling of fear and uneasiness. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), stress and anxiety in mild to moderate levels are normal. When stress or anxiety leads to impairment in daily functioning, however, professional help may be needed to prevent longstanding physical or mental health problems. There are several causes of stress or anxiety, many of them preventable with changes in lifestyle.
Causes of Stress
The Mayo Clinic identifies two main types of stress. Acute stress is a short-lived and immediate reaction to a challenge of life. For instance, a car accident or job interview may cause acute stress. Chronic stress is longer in duration and if unrecognized, chronic stress may lead to feeling overwhelmed by life's problems. A cause of chronic stress is loss of a loved one, relationship break-up or financial difficulties. Many people are able to effectively deal with acute or chronic stress through problem solving, seeking support, or making adjustments to the changes that cause the stress. If stress persists however, the NIH suggests seeking professional help to prevent health disruptions associated with chronic stress such as increased blood pressure, migraines, pain or depression.
Causes of Anxiety
Anxiety is often caused by ongoing stress in addition to nagging worry. Anxiety before taking an important exam, before getting married or when becoming a first-time parent is normal. Anxiety causes discomfort emotionally and physically; however, it is managed typically by getting through the event that provoked the anxiety. The National Institute of Mental Health recognizes that normal anxiety is often a motivation to maintain focus for important events. Anxiety is not problematic unless it becomes excessive and/or targeted toward a specific subject such as with phobias.
Causes of Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety disorders are types of anxiety that influence an abnormal and excessive response to people, situations or events. Anxiety disorders are characterized by specific symptoms and may be diagnosed based on these symptoms. The Mayo Clinic defines generalized anxiety disorder as a combination of symptoms that may impair daily functioning. The cause of anxiety disorders is not fully understood; however, the NIH indicates that a chemical imbalance in the brain may contribute to the disorder.
