A fever in a small child can be alarming, especially when it occurs in the middle of the night. With doctors' offices closed and the child possibly displaying other symptoms, it is easy to feel confused and overwhelmed. While fevers can make a child uncomfortable, they are not always cause for concern and often do not require treatment.
Definition
The hypothalamus is a part of the brain that regulates body temperature. Normally, body temperature is 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, although, according to BabyCenter, normal can range from 97 to 100.4 degrees depending on the child. AskDrSears.com states that a common fever is 101 to 103.5 degrees and a high fever is defined as anything higher than 103.6 degrees.
Causes
In toddlers, fevers may be caused by three factors: teething, viruses or bacteria. Children who are teething may run a low- grade fever, typically not to exceed 101 degrees. Viral and bacterial infections can cause higher fevers. A cold, flu and chicken pox are examples of viruses that can cause fevers in children. Ear infections are common in this age group and are caused by bacterial infections. Toddlers can also develop a low-grade fever after immunizations, another example of a virus causing a fever.
Significance
When an infection develops, a toddler's immune system kicks into gear, releasing white blood cells to fight the infection and restore the body to health. A fever is the normal result of this immune response and is necessary to eliminate the underlying cause of the illness, whether viral or bacterial.
When to Call
AskDrSears.com recommends calling your pediatrician immediately for any fever over 104 degrees, especially if it does not decrease with treatment. If a child becomes lethargic, or unusually sleepy and difficult to arouse, contact your pediatrician. A crying toddler who is inconsolable or cannot keep down liquids are also reasons to call. Aside from symptoms, listen to your intuition. If you feel there is something wrong with your child, do not hesitate to call no matter what time it is.
Treatment
According to Kids Health, treating a fever is only required when the child is physically uncomfortable. Avoid treating low- grade fevers to allow the child's body to work properly and fight the infection. If treatment is necessary, acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be given as directed by the manufacturer. Fevers caused by certain infections may require antibiotic treatment. Other treatment options not requiring medicine include giving your toddler a lukewarm bath and dressing her in light clothing. Provide plenty of fluids for a toddler with a fever to maintain hydration and aid the body in healing more quickly. If dehydration occurs, the child may need to be rehydrated intravenously in a doctor's office or emergency room.
