Arnica montana is a traditional herbal remedy with topical and homeopathic uses. Herbal medicine practitioners often apply topical arnica as the initial treatment for injuries such as sprains and strains, and for relieving the pain, swelling and inflammation of arthritis and venous conditions. Homeopathic remedies treat these conditions as well. Arnica montana can be toxic when taken internally, but homeopathic remedies are generally safe because they are very diluted, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC). People should only buy homeopathic remedies from a reputable practitioner or manufacturer. Side effects are rare.
Skin Side Effects
Using topical arnica for a long time frame may lead to skin irritation, including eczema, peeling, blisters and burning sensations, according to the UMMC and the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC). These effects are uncommon. Although arnica is a common topical herbal treatment, people should not apply this herb to open wounds because absorption into the bloodstream can be toxic.
Anticoagulant Effects
Arnica montana contains coumarin chemicals that have blood-thinning properties, as explained by the MSKCC. Although anticoagulant effects have not been reported in people using this herb, anyone taking medications or herbs with blood-thinning effects should be cautious about using arnica. These include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin and ibuprofen, anticoagulants such as warfarin and heparin, and anti-platelet medications such as clopidogrel. The herb ginkgo biloba also has blood-thinning properties.
Toxicity
Except for safe homeopathic remedies, arnica can cause many toxic side effects when taken internally. These effects include dizziness, tremors, irregular heart rate, nausea and vomiting, low blood pressure, and shortness of breath. The MSKCC notes that one individual died after consuming a very large dose of arnica tincture. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration categorizes oral arnica as an unsafe herb.
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