Side Effects Of Typhoid Vaccine

Salmonella typhi bacterium, usually contracted through contaminated food and water sources, can cause typhoid disease. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the United States recommends that anyone traveling to typhoid-endemic areas receive a typhoid vaccination. Two typhoid vaccines are currently used in the United States: an inactivated vaccine administered by injection and an oral live-attenuated vaccine. Both vaccines induce a response that builds immunity against the disease; both also have common side effects.

Local Reactions

The CDC reports that up to 7 percent of those vaccinated will experience minor local reactions. These reactions are usually defined as pain, tenderness, inflammation, swelling or redness at the injection site, and they can last anywhere from 48 to 72 hours after vaccination. Over-the-counter and prescribed pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen may mitigate any undesirable reactions. Follow the instruction of your pharmacist or physician for all prescribed medications and read the package inserts thoroughly for all over-the-counter medications. A cold compress or ice at the injection site can also relieve irritation. If symptoms persist for longer than 72 hours, notify your health care provider.

Headache and Fever

The National Network for Immunization Information (NNII) reports headache and fever as two common side effects associated with the typhoid vaccination. These symptoms can affect about 5 percent of those who receive the oral vaccine and about 1 percent of those who receive the injection. According to the CDC, 21 to 23 percent of those vaccinated missed a day of work or school due to these side effects. Medications such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen can work effectively as a pain reliever and fever reducer to ease symptoms. Bathing in lukewarm water can also reduce body temperature. Do not bathe in cool or cold water, as this will induce shivering, which can increase body temperature. If symptoms do not subside or if they worsen, notify your health care provider.

Nausea and Vomiting

Nausea and vomiting can affect about 1 percent of those who receive the oral vaccine and may happen immediately after consumption. Avoiding spicy, fattening foods can offer relief to gastrointestinal symptoms. Spacing small meals throughout the day may also help alleviate these symptoms. In the case of severe vomiting, increase fluid and water intake to prevent dehydration and contact your health care provider.