Head lice, or Pediculus humanus capitis, are small parasites that live off human blood, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. They're found on the scalp, eyebrows and even eyelashes. Infestations are commonly seen in school-age children, but almost anyone is susceptible to these insects, especially when making head-to-head contact with an infested person. While topical medications go a long way to ridding the scalp of lice, there are alternative methods that can put an end to infestations.
By Hand
One alternative to medications is removing both lice and nits by hand, according to the Mayo Clinic. It may take a bit more time and patience than other methods, but the scalp isn't exposed to the harsh chemicals found in medicated shampoos or creams. To use this technique, start by wetting the hair. The moisture makes it more difficult for the lice to move around and easier to locate the nits, or lice eggs. Nits appear gray or black in color, about the size of a grain of salt or sugar. They're typically found near the base of the hair next to the scalp. Once the scalp is wet, run a comb through the hair. A fine-toothed comb works the best, but any comb can be used for this purpose. Remove lice and nits as they are found. This is done every three to four days until no lice or nits are found. It can take upward of three weeks to get rid of head lice with this method.
Household Products
There is some belief that certain household products can also kill both lice and nits, according to the Kid's Health website from the Nemours Foundation. Mayonnaise is probably the most common, but some people claim that olive oil or petroleum jelly can rid the scalp of head lice. These products are usually worn overnight under plastic wrap to suffocate the tiny insects. After the chosen solution has sat on the scalp for eight to 10 hours, the hair is washed. These methods lack proof of effectiveness.
Cleaning
After the lice and nits are eliminated, a little light cleaning is in order. Though lice can survive for only two days without a host, cleaning prevents further infestation. All sheets, pillowcases, blankets and towels are washed and dried using a high temperature setting. The same is done with all clothing worn during infestation. Items that can't handle washing, such as stuffed animals or fabric dolls, are placed in an airtight plastic bag for two weeks. Carpets and fabrics in the home and car are vacuumed. Combs, brushes, barrettes, headbands and other hair-care items are soaked in alcohol, run through the dishwasher or steeped in hot water for five to 10 minutes, advises the Mayo Clinic.
