Restless leg syndrome, or RLS, is a condition where abnormal signals from the nervous system cause an uncontrollable urge to move the legs. The symptoms of this condition tend to be worse at night. The need to constantly move the legs can interrupt the ability to get a good night's sleep. It may result in frequent episodes of needing to get out of bed and move around. There are no definitive laboratory tests to confirm a diagnosis. A physician will need to do a physical exam along with a variety of tests to rule out other conditions that mimic RLS. Once a diagnosis is made, there are lifestyle choices and medications that can help manage the symptoms.
Identification
Restless leg syndrome is a condition that causes an irresistible need to move the legs. While not as common, this sensation can also occur in the arms or trunk. This need to move may also be accompanied by creeping, itching, pulling, burning, tugging, or gnawing sensations as well, states the Restless Leg Syndrome Foundation. These symptoms may be worse whenever you are resting during the day or when sleeping. Movement usually resolves the symptoms, but they may return when activity stops. Another warning sign of restless leg syndrome is periodic limb movements of sleep, which are jerking movements that occur during the night. Restless leg syndrome can cause sleep disturbances that can affect daytime performance.
Diagnosis
Restless leg syndrome is diagnosed through a physical exam. A physician will review the history of symptoms and look for certain criteria that need to be met to confirm a diagnosis. This includes regular periods of an uncontrollable desire to move the limbs and a worsening of symptoms at rest. Movement should relieve the symptoms, which must be more severe at night. According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, about 80 percent of patients with this condition experience periodic limb movements during sleep. However, presence of this symptom is not required for a diagnosis. Other warning signs include unusual daytime fatigue and difficulty concentrating. Additional tests may be required to rule out other conditions that can cause similar symptoms. This includes anemia, diabetes, other neurological conditions and muscular problems. Medications that can cause side effects that mimic RLS will also be addressed.
Causes
Restless leg syndrome appears to run in the family. However, in many cases the cause is unknown. The symptoms associated with RLS can be due to an iron deficiency, which once corrected may resolve the symptoms. RLS can occur during pregnancy and then disappear weeks after delivery. Restless leg syndrome can occur as a symptom of kidney disease; diabetes: which can cause nerve damage; and neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and peripheral neuropathy. Treating any underlying medical condition that affects nerve functioning may help to control the symptoms. There are many prescription and over-the-counter medications that can cause the symptoms of restless leg syndrome. Any new medication or change in dosage that occurs in conjunction with the symptoms of RLS should be evaluated by a physician.
Treatment
Treating restless leg syndrome often requires a combination of lifestyle changes and medication. Since each person responds differently, it may take a trial and error period to find the right medication and dosage. The We Move website reports that the most common classes of drugs used to treat RLS include dopaminergic agents, benzodiazepines, opioids and anticonvulsants. However, any other medical conditions that require medication need to be considered before mixing too many medications. Smoking and too much alcohol can damage the nerves, so quitting both can help. Developing good sleeping habits will be another important component. Exercising at a moderate level can help to reduce symptoms, but excessive exercise can make them worse. It may be helpful to keep track of activity levels and symptoms to find the right amount and intensity.
Considerations
Living with a chronic condition such as RLS can be challenging. The Mayo Clinic recommends getting plenty of support. Talking with family members and coworkers about restless leg syndrome will help them to understand the symptoms and offer support. It is also important to not fight the desire to move as that may just exacerbate any symptoms. It is also important to avoid sitting for long periods at home or work by making a schedule that allows for frequent breaks to get up and move or just stand to work. A gentle yoga or tai chi practice can offer some basic stretches and movements to help the legs feel better. Both also offer instruction in meditation and relaxation techniques, which can promote sleep. Taking a hot bath, avoiding caffeine and keeping active before bedtime can also help to mange sleep problems.
