Malnutrition happens when the body receives insufficient nutrients. It may result from eating too little, consuming an inadequate or unbalanced diet, problems with digestion or nutrient absorption, or as a side effect of certain medications. Early symptoms of malnutrition vary, but often include fatigue, emotional irritability and dizziness. Since untreated malnutrition can lead to life-threatening complications, seek guidance from your doctor as soon as symptoms arise.
Fatigue and Low Energy
Food provides the body with valuable nutrients that support physical strength and energy. Carbohydrates provide glucose--the body's primary energy source. Protein is needed for muscle development and tissue repair, and fat aids in nerve communication and nutrient absorption. Decreased energy and fatigue, also described as tiredness or lack of motivation, commonly occur as initial symptoms of malnutrition. According to the Mayo Clinic, malnutrition is a serious problem among elderly populations. In these cases, fatigue and energy shifts associated with malnutrition may be mistaken for natural effects of the aging process. Children with malnutrition may demonstrate excessive tiredness, reduced desire to "play" or partake in other normal physical activities and frequent desire for naps.
Emotional Irritability
Nutrition and food intake help support mood balance. Eating appropriate amounts of food and nutrients helps the body maintain blood sugar balance. Specific nutrients, such as B vitamins, magnesium and omega-3 fatty acids are known to support brain function, energy and positive moods. For these reasons, people with malnutrition may exhibit emotional irritability once the condition sets in. As malnutrition progresses, emotional irritability may worsen and lead to more serious complications, such as depression. Since many people find pleasure in eating, restriction of food, inability to access healthy foods and reduced appetite may also contribute to irritable moods.
Dizziness
Dizziness, or lightheadedness, is a common symptom of malnutrition. People with malnutrition may feel as though they might faint or experience frequent "head rushes" (dizziness upon standing). Dizziness may appear suddenly or gradually and varies in intensity. As with other symptoms of malnutrition, dizziness generally worsens as malnutrition progresses, both in severity and frequency. Disorders that cause malabsorption of nutrients and diets extremely low in hydrating foods, such as fruits, vegetables and fluids, may cause dehydration in addition to malnutrition. Dizziness in these cases may result from dehydration, malnutrition or both.
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