The symptoms of ADHD, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, can include lack of focus, forgetfulness, hyperactivity, daydreaming and impulsivity. Children with ADHD often struggle at home and in school with chores, projects and assignments requiring planning, organization and focus. Treatment for ADHD generally includes therapy, parenting modifications and medication. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) reminds parents, "Treatments can relieve many of the disorder's symptoms but there is no cure. With treatment, most people with ADHD can be successful in school and lead productive lives."
Stimulants
Physicians often prescribe a stimulant for children with ADHD. Stimulants reduce impulsive behaviors and increase focus and concentration. Common stimulant medications to treat ADHD include Adderall, Ritalin, Concerta and Dexedrine. Daytrana, a Ritalin patch, is also available, along with Methylin, the only stimulant that comes in chewable and liquid form. Side effects for stimulant medications may include loss of appetite, headaches, depression, upset stomach and dizziness. According to Help Guide, stimulants might work because they increase levels of dopamine in the brain, which allows children to concentrate more and be less distractable.
Non-stimulants
Only one non-stimulant medication, Strattera, has been approved by the FDA to treat ADHD. According to Keep Kids Healthy, doctors prescribe Strattera for kids with ADHD who've experienced unpleasant side effects from stimulants, or for whom stimulants were ineffective. Strattera also has an anti-anxiety quality that benefits children suffering from both ADHD and anxiety. In addition, Strattera's effect lasts for 24 hours, requiring only one dose per day. Side effects include headache, irritability, sleepiness, nausea and abdominal pain. No one knows exactly how Strattera works to improved ADHD, although Help Guide notes that Strattera affects levels of norepinephrine in the brain.
Other
Doctors prescribe several other medications to treat ADHD, although they are considered "off-label," which means that they have not been approved by the FDA for treatment of ADHD. Clonidine and guanfacine, developed to treat high blood pressure, are effective for the aggression, impulsivity and hyperactivity of ADHD. Help Guide suggests these medications are less helpful in treating attention problems. Doctors may also prescribe the antidepressant Wellbutrin, also known by its generic name, bupropion.
