Eye disease can be inherited or caused by injury or infection.. Some are more common as people get older. Diseases of the eye can be debilitating and can cause loss of vision, therefore it is important to get regular eye screenings. Symptoms such as seeing shadows, flashes of light, decreases or changes in vision require medical evaluation.
Cataracts
More than half of those over 65 have a form of cataracts, according to the College of Optometrists. A cataract is a clouding of the lens of the eye, which results in a decrease in vision for the person affected. Symptoms may present as blurring, poor vision, glare, double vision, problems seeing in bright light, or problems seeing colors. Cataracts are progressive. Surgery is available to remove the cataract. Wearing sunglasses and using a wide brim hat in sunlight can help to delay cataract formation.
Macular Degeneration
Macular degeneration is characterized by damaged cells in the macula, which is a part of the retina. It affects the central field of vision rather than the peripheral field of vision. Smoking, exposure to the sun and a high fat diet are risk factors for macular degeneration. Laser treatments and medications are available to help treat this condition.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma consists of eye conditions in which the optic nerve in the back of the eye is damaged. This can lead to high pressure in the back of the eye. People over 50, diabetics, and those with a family history of disease are more at risk. Medications are available to decrease the pressure in the back of the eye, and surgery may be indicated in some cases. Medline Plus recommends an eye exam every two years for those most at risk, including African Americans over age 40, people over age 60, especially Mexican Americans, and people with a family history of glaucoma.
Detached Retina
When the retina--the light sensitive inner lining of the eye--gets separated from the tissue underneath, it is called a detached retina. It happens because of an injury or hole or tear in the retina. Symptoms include seeing shadows or bright flashes of light. Retinal problems can cause blindness. A detached retina is an emergency that requires medical attention and intervention. Laser treatment, freezing treatment, and surgical treatment are available to help treat this condition.
Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis, a common eye infection, usually is caused by a bacteria or virus. It can also be caused by allergy or contact lens products. Symptoms include redness, discharge and itching. Bacterial conjunctivitis requires antibiotic drops. Conjunctivitis that is infectious can be spread easily through contact from person to person.
