The IUD, or intrauterine device, is a method of birth control for women that is inserted into the uterus. Once the IUD is placed, it prevents pregnancy by making the uterus inhospitable to sperm. In the United States, approximately 2 percent of women who practice contraception use an IUD as their birth control method of choice, explain medical professionals at the University of Maryland Medical Center in Baltimore. It's important for women to discuss the potential complications of IUD insertion with a gynecologist before selecting this method of birth control.
Cramping, Pain or Bleeding
The most common complications of an IUD insertion are abdominal cramping and pain. During insertion, women can feel sharp pain when the IUD is placed within the uterus, which may cause some women to feel nauseous or lightheaded. Painful cramping can persist for several hours after insertion, but typically resolves within one to two days. Certain women can also experience intermittent vaginal bleeding for several days following IUD insertion. Vaginal bleeding is typically light, but can be irritating to some women. Taking a dose of an over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug can help limit the severity of cramping and pain complications during IUD insertion.
Uterine or Cervical Perforation
In rare instances, uterine or cervical perforation can occur as a complication of IUD insertion, explains Dr. Brett Johnson in a 2005 article in "American Family Physician." When the IUD is inserted into the uterus by a medical professional, it can tear or damage the cervical or uterine lining. If this occurs, the medical professional will need to remove the IUD immediately. An IUD that tears through the wall of the uterus can cause damage to surrounding organs and may need to be surgically removed in rare situations, warns Planned Parenthood, the leading reproductive health care provider within the United States.
Pelvic Infection
During IUD insertion, bacteria may inadvertently get into the uterus and can cause a pelvic infection. If this occurs, symptoms of a pelvic infection, such as abdominal pain, abnormal vaginal discharge and fever, can develop within three weeks following the IUD insertion, explains Planned Parenthood. An untreated pelvic infection can damage a woman's reproductive organs and may affect a woman's ability to become pregnant.
Expulsion
In certain women, the IUD can be expelled from the uterus as a complication of insertion. University of Maryland Medical Center health officials report that approximately 2 to 8 percent of IUDs are expelled from the body within the first year of use. IUD expulsion occurs most frequently during the first 3 months following insertion and may go unnoticed by the affected woman. Without the IUD in place, a woman is not protected against unintended pregnancy. If an IUD is expelled, a new IUD will need to be placed to prevent pregnancy.
