Springtime brings forth budding flowers as well as heightened allergies. According to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, allergic diseases affect 40 to 50 million U.S. residents each year. The most common symptom, eye allergies, affect a resounding 75 percent of allergy sufferers, according to the information website All About Vision.com. Allergic reactions occur when the eyes overreact to a substance perceived as harmful, generating excessive production of mucus and tears in acutely sensitive individuals. Medications, both prescribed and over-the-counter, are available to ease burning eye symptoms.
Antihistamines
Immune system cells called "mast cells" release a substance known as histamine when you become exposed to an allergen. Histamine then secures itself to blood vessels receptors causing them to enlarge. Histamine can also bind to other receptors causing itching, redness, secretion changes, and ocular irritation. Medications that contain antihistamine can prevent these symptoms from occurring. The American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology reports that while antihistamines pills are available, eye drop or gel formulas work best to alleviate burning eyes. Over-the-counter drops are a weakened formula and therefore must be applied often for continuous treatment. Many antihistamines bought over-the-counter may also cause drowsiness, however a non-sedating formula can be prescribed by your physician.
Decongestants
During an allergic reaction blood vessels in the eyes can become swollen, causing redness and increased secretion. For enhanced allergy relief and to reduce swelling, decongestants are often taken along with antihistamines. Decongestants come in nasal, liquid, pill, and nasal form. Also, the same as with antihistamines, decongestants work best in an eye drop formula. According to the ACAAI, eye drops purchased over-the-counter should not be used for more than three days at the risk of developing increased symptoms. Side effects may include an elevated blood pressure, insomnia, and urinary flow restriction.
Artificial Tears
Artificial tears are tear substitutes that protect the eye from allergens by providing a barrier and offer a short term therapeutic effect. Tear substitutes effectively lubricate and cleanses accumulated allergens while also maintaining the health of the eye. It may also improve defense functions of allergy-ridden dry eyes. The ACAAI suggests refrigerating these drops prior to administration for additional comfort.
