Influenza, or flu, is a common respiratory disease that is caused by the presence of infection from the influenza virus. An influenza infection is extremely contagious. According to statistics from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), it is estimated that more than 200,000 people become hospitalized from influenza-related complications each year. Of this number, around 36,000 people die from flu-related complications. Each year, 5 to 20 percent of the American population comes down with a case of the flu.
Description
According to the Mayo Clinic, influenza is a viral infection that affects the respiratory system which includes the throat, nasal cavity, bronchial tubes and lungs. An influenza infection is often more serious for people who may have other health conditions such as a weakened immune system or other pathogenic infection. Anyone at any age can become infected with the influenza virus although older adults, children, infants and pregnant women may be more at risk for complications.
Causes
The influenza virus is an airborne pathogen that can be transmitted through droplets when someone with the virus coughs, sneezes or talks, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Rubbing or touching a surface that has been contaminated with influenza and then rubbing the nose or eyes can also cause an infection. This underscores the importance of frequent hand washing and avoiding all contact with people who may have an influenza virus infection.
Symptoms
Symptoms usually depend on the strength of the immune system at the time of infection. This may also include factors such as age, a presence of another disease or illness and whether or not a person is pregnant. According to the Mayo Clinic, common symptoms of the flu include fever, chills or sweats, dry cough and headaches. Mild to severe nasal congestion and a loss of appetite may be experienced as well. Children might suffer from diarrhea and vomiting.
Complications
Healthy individuals typically aren't at risk for developing complications from an influenza infection; however, if the flu lingers, it may eventually weaken the immune system enough to leave a person vulnerable to developing other infections that may be fatal. Some complications due to an influenza infection include ear infections, acute sinusitis and bronchitis. The Mayo Clinic reports that pneumonia--a serious bacterial infection of the lungs--is another common complication of influenza that requires immediate medical attention.
Treatment and Prevention
One of the most common forms of prevention for influenza is getting a flu shot. The CDC describes the flu shot as an inactivated vaccine, meaning it contains killed virus, that is given with a needle. Home remedies such as getting plenty of rest and liquids are generally the most effective treatment. For severe cases, anti-viral prescription medicines may work by deactivating an enzyme in the body that the virus needs to spread, says the Mayo Clinic.
