Aricept, the brand name for donepezil hydrochloride, is a prescription medication that used to improve cognitive functioning in those with Alzheimer's disease. According to the Alzheimer's Association, as many as 5.3 million Americans have this progressive neuro-degenerative disorder for which there currently is no cure. This drug works by increasing the amount of the chemical messenger known as acetylcholine (neurotransmitter) within the brain that typically is abnormally low in Alzheimer's patients. This increase enhances communication among nerve cells (neurons) in the brain, which consequently improves cognitive abilities.
Common Effects
Commonly-reported side effects from taking Aricept usually begin at the initial stage of starting this drug treatment and tend to dissipate as the body gets used to the medication. Drug effects that likely will be experienced include stomach upset with nausea; in fact, eMedTv.com reports that up to 11 percent of participants in clinical trials experienced nausea.
In addition, a change in appetite may occur as well as loose stools. Specifically, diarrhea occurred in up to 10 percent of trial participants, and diarrhea along with nausea and vomiting were most frequent reasons for participant withdrawal. Up to 9 percent of trial participants reported having trouble sleeping. Also, more than two percent of those taking Aricept reported experiencing muscle cramps and fatigue, and increased urination. These side effects, while unpleasant, are considered mild and typically subside as drug therapy progresses. However, if they persist or worsen, notify the doctor.
Gastrointestinal Distress
The most-common side effects associated with this drug involve digestive or gastrointestinal problems, especially nausea. Some may experience nausea and vomiting or develop diarrhea with abdominal pain and bloating. If diarrhea is experienced, it is important to keep hydrated, however, if diarrhea continues, then the prescribing physician needs to be contacted about this.
A drop in appetite as well as weight loss may occur in some patients. Additionally, the increased levels of acetylcholine produced by Aricept can affect neurons involved in regulating stomach acidity, which can cause increased acid secretion; as a result, different gastric responses (effects) will vary depending on the individual. In rare circumstances, peptic ulcers may develop with gastrointestinal bleeding indicators, that is, blood is observed in the stools or vomit. Should this occur, contact a doctor immediately or go to an emergency room for evaluation.
Bradycardia and Hypertension
Aricept can produce bradycardia where the heart rate of the patient slows down, which may produce signs of lightheadedness or fainting. According to eMedTv.com, Aricept also may induce hypertension (high blood pressure) and chest pain. Indicators of hypertension include headaches (up to 10 percent) and dizziness (up to 8 percent).
Lastly, Aricept is associated with congestive heart failure (CHF). Signs associated with CHF include difficulty breathing as well as fluid retention or peripheral edema, that is, swelling in the feet and ankles. If any of these indicators develop, contact the doctor immediately so that these effects can be taken care of promptly.
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