Heart disease causes half of all deaths in the United Sates, according to the Texas Heart Institute. Worldwide, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among adults. There are factors that increase the risk of developing heart disease, and by understanding them, a patient can determine his chances of developing heart disease. Furthermore, clinicians can use the information to gauge the screening and treatment for their patients.
High Cholesterol Levels
Cholesterol, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), is a waxy substance synthesized by the liver and an ingredient in many of the foods people ingest. If there is too much cholesterol in the body, the substance is deposited in the arteries. This can lead to a narrowing of the arteries, heart disease and other dire complications.
High Blood Pressure
High blood pressure, or hypertension, has been established by the Texas Heart Institute as an important risk factor for heart disease. In a healthy adult, the blood pressure at rest should be lower than 120 mmHg for systolic pressure, the top number of a blood pressure reading, and a diastolic pressure, the bottom number, below 80 mmHg. Medications are used to lower blood pressure and can help decrease the risk of heart disease.
Obesity
Excess body fat has been linked to heart disease, according to the American Heart Association. Increased weight makes the heart work harder. Obesity also raises blood pressure and blood cholesterol. Obese patients also have an increased risk to develop diabetes mellitus. People who are overweight also tend to be physically inactive and have an improper diet. All of these conditions caused by obesity increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Smoking and Alcohol Use
Heart disease risk is increased by smoking or alcohol use, the CDC reports. Cigarette smoking is responsible for a hardening of the arteries and increases the chance for blood clots. Smoking also has been noted to increase blood pressure. Excessive alcohol promotes an increase in blood pressure, increased levels of cholesterol and damage to the arteries.
Age
As a person ages, his chances of developing heart disease is increased, the Texas Heart Institute notes. Eighty percent of all heart disease-related fatalities occur in people older than 65. The heart muscle and blood vessels start to degenerate in old age, leading to an increased risk of developing heart disease. Younger women usually have a decreased risk of heart disease due to their hormones, but after age 65, men and women have the same chances of developing heart disease.
