Flax oil, also known as flaxseed oil, or linseed oil, has gained popularity over the years because of its high omega-3 fatty acid content---an essential fatty acid that research suggests gives numerous health benefits. Flaxseed oil, which is extracted from flaxseeds, can be taken in its pure oil form or as capsules. Most research suggests that flaxseed oil is safe for use by most people---in fact, the oil distilled from flaxseeds comes with fewer side effects than the seeds themselves. As with any complementary therapy, it's wise to check with your health care provider before adding flaxseed oil to your health care regimen.
Increased Cancer Risk
Though conflicting research exists, there's some evidence that taking flaxseed oil may increase the risk for certain kinds of cancer, including breast cancer and prostate cancer, according to the University of Michigan Health System's website. Early studies show that the alpha-linoleic acid, or ALA, found in flaxseed oil is associated with increased risk for cancer---but other studies showed ALA decreased cancer risk, and still other studies indicated that ALA didn't affect cancer risk, so the exact risks aren't clear. Significantly more research is needed to determine the relationship between cancer risk and ALA.
Increased Risk of Eye Disease
A diet high in ALA may increase your risk for macular degeneration, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Though fish oil's omega-3 fatty acids seem to benefit people with macular degeneration, the ALA in flaxseeds' omega-3 fatty acids substantially increased risk for the condition. More research is needed, but people who have macular degeneration or are at risk for developing macular degeneration because of family history or other factors should avoid taking flaxseed oil.
Increased Mania
If you have bipolar disorder, taking flaxseed oil orally might cause mania or hypomania, according to MedlinePlus, the online health information resource maintained by the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health.
Increased Bleeding Risk
Taking flaxseed oil may increase bleeding risk, according to MedlinePlus. Early research suggests that flaxseed oil can slow down blood clotting, which means you should take flaxseed oil with caution and medical oversight if you have a bleeding disorder, take blood-thinning medication or have surgery scheduled in the near future.
Other Potential Side Effects
It's not common, but some people report allergic reactions to flaxseed oil, according to the University of Michigan Health System. Consuming too much flaxseed oil can cause shortness of breath, general weakness and unsteadiness, and seizures or paralysis, according to MedlinePlus.
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