Acid reflux occurs when food or liquid contents back up from the stomach and rise to the throat, often causing a bitter taste in the back of the mouth. It is also referred to as acid indigestion or heartburn. Indigestion may include some symptoms of acid reflux as well as a feeling of fullness, bloating, belching and nausea.
Potential
Acid reflux and indigestion are common problems for most people. The conditions are usually not serious health problems, according to MedlinePlus, a website of the National Institutes of Health. However, acid reflux can lead to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a serious form of acid reflux, and indigestion may have underlying disorders affecting the stomach and pancreas.
Function
The burning sensation and pain in the upper chest and throat from acid reflux happens because of a weakened muscle valve in the esophagus, according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC). The valve, called the lower esophageal sphincter, does not close properly and allows stomach acid to rise up into the esophagus and throat. The reaction happens occasionally to most people, but acid reflux that occurs two or more times a week is considered GERD. Some GERD patients experience a dry cough, asthma symptoms or difficulty swallowing.
Causes
Triggers for acid reflux and indigestion include overeating, certain foods that irritate particular individuals, caffeine, carbonated beverages and alcoholic drinks, MedlinePlus notes. Foods often cited as offenders include fatty or fried foods and spicy foods. Obesity, pregnancy and smoking can increase episodes of acid reflux. Other foods that can worsen acid reflux symptoms include citrus fruits, chocolate, garlic, onions, mint flavoring and tomato-based products, according to the NDDIC.
Indigestion Causes
Eating too fast may also cause the discomfort of indigestion, MedlinePlus says. Certain medications, such as antibiotics, aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, may cause indigestion. Other causes of indigestion include emotional stress or nervousness, ulcers, gallstones and acute or chronic gastritis and inflammation of the pancreas.
Prevention/Solution
Indigestion can be reduced or prevented by eating smaller meals more slowly, avoiding excitement or exercise after a meal, being in a calm environment and staying away from foods or situations that trigger indigestion. Antacids relieve symptoms of acid reflux and indigestion. Stronger medications, such as H2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors, reduce stomach acid production for people with GERD. To avoid acid reflux, maintain a healthy weight and avoid tight-fitting clothing that can put pressure on the abdomen and the lower esophageal sphincter, the Mayo Clinic explains. Foods and drinks that trigger symptoms should be avoided. Wait at least two to three hours before lying down or sleeping following a meal.
