Cross country skiers travel over relatively flat trails compared with the mountainous slopes used by downhill skiers. Because of these terrain differences, cross country skiers require specific equipment to carry them through these wooded trails and backcountry sections. Cross country skis have a design that allows users to glide more efficiently and maintain enough energy to enjoy the views.
Features
The base of a cross country ski is divided into two sections. The tips and tails of each ski make up the glide zone and feature a smooth surface for minimal friction. In the center of each ski, a textured section is known as the "kick zone." As you step forward on your skis, your weight centers over the kick zone, which allows you to gain traction in the snow. This traction propels you forward, which redistributes your weight over the entire length of the ski. This removes pressure from the kick zone and allows the glide zones of the skis to pass smoothly across the snow.
Types
Cross country skis have two basic lengths. Standard skis require a kick and glide technique while skate skis create an experience similar to inline skating. Standard models are available in waxable and wax-less varieties. According to the Cross Country Ski Areas Association, waxable skis are smooth over the entire base. Users must use a tacky material called "kick wax" to create the kick zone on these skis. Casual users often prefer wax-less models, which feature built-in grippers to serve as the kick zone. Skate skis are smooth across the entire bottom, and require better balance and technique than standard length skis.
Size
According to Ski Post, buyers should size cross country skis according to their height and weight. For standard skis, multiply your height by 2.6, then add 25 to find your recommended ski length in inches. When choosing ski skates, multiply your height by 2.6 and add 15 to find the correct length. If the sizes you calculate don't fall into a standard ski size measurement, round these numbers up or down based on your weight and skill level. Heavier skiers should round up to the next available size, while lighter skiers can round down. Those new to the sport might have better results using skis that are shorter than normal because shorter skis improve control and maneuverability. Longer skis offer a smoother ride and higher speeds, but are more difficult to control.
Considerations
In addition to sizing skis correctly, check the flexibility of the skis by holding them so the bottoms of the skis are facing one another, then squeeze them together. If you can manipulate the skis to touch, they are likely fairly flexible. The more flexible the skis, the more contact your kick zone will have with the ground. Stiffer skis will allow you to glide faster, but can keep you from gaining traction if they are too stiff.
Sidecut measures the curve along the edge of each ski. According to REI, skis with deep curves make it easier to turn or avoid obstacles. If you plan to stick to straight paths, choose shallow sidecuts for smoother gliding.
Caring for Your Skis
All cross country skis require regular waxing, even "wax-less" models. Glide wax should be applied to the base of the skis to improve speed and create a smoother ride. On wax-less skates, only the glide zone at the tips and tails requires wax. Both skate skis and waxable skis require glide wax along the entire base.
Wax should be selected based on the temperatures and snow conditions in your area. Many professional skiers and racers apply wax before every use, though recreational users can choose to apply wax less frequently as needed.
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