An ergometer is a type of exercise machine designed to measure the amount of work performed while the machine is used. Ergometers can be as simple as a stationary bike with a speedometer or as sophisticated as an exercise station with electronics that track the amount of force being exerted; biometric information such as heart rate, breathing rate and temperature; and user-defined training routines that can help to improve overall performance.
Principle
The principle behind an ergometer is to work muscles and joints through constant resistance. Ergometers use belts, gears and flywheels to create mechanical resistance and can be adjusted to provide varying levels of resistance. Along with this exercise component is a measurement component that tracks, and often records over time, different aspects of the work being performed.
Types
Several types of ergometers are currently available with a variety of functions. Lower-extremity ergometers are perhaps the most familiar. They are usually some type of stationary bike or treadmill. Lower-extremity ergometers concentrate on improving the strength and movement of the legs. Upper-extremity ergometers focus on exercising the arms and hands. These usually consist of a hand-crank system on some type of pedestal, often with a removable seat.
Specialized Applications
Dual-extremity ergometers offer exercise for both the upper and lower limbs, and may also have built-in passive movement capabilities to help provide range-of-motion exercises, particularly for paraplegics. Some ergometers may specifically mimic the actions of a certain sport. A rowing machine is one example. Portable tabletop versions of ergometers are also available. Specialized ergometers can be attached to MRI machines for controlled MRI studies.
Uses
Ergometers can be incorporated into physical training, and athletes frequently use them to test their abilities. The measurements generated can help athletes to alter their training and improve their performance. Ergometers can also be used in physical therapy treatments for injuries or disabilities that affect muscle movement, range of motion and physical strength. During the treatment, the ergometer can help effectively track any changes in strength or ability.
Benefits
Ergometers provide a range of physical benefits, including increased strength, coordination and flexibility of muscles and joints. Using an ergometer can also improve mobility and increase overall energy, endurance and stamina. Heart, lung and bone health can also be improved.
Coaches, trainers, physical therapists and doctors can also track the physical status of their athletes or patients and determine their response to specific training regimens, rehabilitation or treatment programs. They can then alter that program accordingly.
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