1. Maxed Out on Melanin
Hyperpigmentation occurs when a patch of skin becomes darker than the surrounding skin due to an increase in melanin. Although it is harmless physically, it can cause emotional stress to an individual. Melanin is the pigment that dictates your skin tone or color. Hyperpigmentation is the result of overactive melanocyte cells.
2. Watch Those Meds
Outside influences can trigger hyperpigmentation. Sun exposure is one major cause. The ultraviolet rays of the sun are absorbed by melanin to protect the skin. This is generally called a suntan. Medications can cause the skin to get darker, such as certain antibiotics, anti-malarial medicines and anti-arrhythmics. Endocrine diseases like Addison's disease also cause hyperpigmentation. Addison's disease is a decrease in function of the adrenal gland.
3. Different Forms of Hyperpigmentation
Forms of hyperpigmentation are freckles, liver spots, bronzing and melasma. The sun causes freckles and liver spots, which are small by nature and can be found on the face, hands and arms. Bronzing looks like a suntan, where your skin becomes gradually darker over a period of time. This hyperpigmentation occurs on the palms of the hands, knuckles, elbows, knees and the bottom of your feet. Melasma, or chloasma, is seen during pregnancy or in women on birth control hormones. This hyperpigmentation is caused by changes in hormone levels. The darker skin patches appear tan or brown in color and are located on the face and stomach, among other places. Sometimes injuries and surgeries can cause dark spots to appear.
4. Bleach the Color Away
There are ways to treat hyperpigmentation. Cosmetics are a simple and safe way to cover up the difference in skin color. Bleaches and creams lighten the appearance of dark spots. Your doctor can give you a prescription, or you can purchase them over the counter (OTC). Prescription medicines are stronger than OTC creams or bleaches. They both contain hydroquinone, which lessens the melanin, and the discolored patches fade, returning the skin to its original color. Other ingredients that treat hyperpigmentation are cortisone and tretinoin. These creams take longer to show results and can irritate the area. There are also laser treatments.
5. Block Out the Sun
To prevent hyperpigmentation, be careful in the sun. Avoid overexposure by using sunscreen. Sunscreens that block both UVA and UVB rays are best. If you are concerned, talk to your doctor about your condition. Extremely dark skin may not change with bleaches and creams. See your doctor if the patch or lesion changes in size, shape or color. There's always the risk of skin cancer with sun exposure. Counseling is an option if the hyperpigmentation is affecting you emotionally.
