ADHD stands for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) lists specific symptoms that must be present to diagnose ADHD. Approximately half of these symptoms relate to inattention, while the rest relate to hyperactivity and impulsivity. People must display symptoms for a period of six months to be diagnosed with ADHD. These symptoms must be inappropriate for the person's developmental level, some symptoms must have been present before the age of 7, there must be clear evidence of significant impairment in at least two settings, and the symptoms cannot be the result of another mental disorder.
Inattention
People with ADHD often make careless mistakes in their work, schoolwork and similar activities. They tend to overlook details. Paying attention to even simple tasks or play activities may be difficult. Others may notice that they often may seem to be "in another place" during conversations, because people with ADHD have difficulty paying attention even when spoken to directly. Poor follow through, trouble organizing activities and avoiding things that require long periods of mental effort are also common. In addition, people with ADHD are forgetful, frequently lose things and are easily distracted.
Hyperactivity
Fidgeting with hands and feet are common for people who have the hyperactivity part of ADHD. Not only do people with ADHD fidget and squirm while sitting, but oftentimes they cannot control the urge to get up from their seat and move around. Children with the hyperactivity component of ADHD often run around and climb on things when it is not appropriate to do so. While most adolescents and adults are able to control these urges, they often feel very restless. It is often difficult to remain quiet during leisure activities. Also, as the hyperactive in the name of the disorder implies, people with ADHD may always seem to be "on the go." They may seem to be always busy doing something and may seem to have very high energy levels. Excessive talking is also common.
Impulsivity
Many people with ADHD, particularly students, may blurt out the answer to a question before it has even been finished being asked. They have trouble waiting their turn, whether it is waiting in line at a bank or taking turns playing with a toy. They are frequently interrupting or intruding on others. This may mean they will interrupt other people's conversations that have nothing to do with them, or they may jump into a game or activity when they are not welcome.
References
- The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition"; American Psychiatric Association; 2000
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: ADHD Diagnosis
