The feet absorb stress with each movement, leaving them susceptible to injuries. The heel is a common site for problems, and many ailments can afflict the heel. Treat heel pain right quickly to avoid complications that could evolve into a chronic injury. In many cases, changes to footwear and workout routines can help to relieve symptoms. However, if the heel is severely injured, a period of immobilization or even surgery might be required.
Plantar Fasciitis
Plantar fasciitis is a common condition that causes pain underneath the heel. Participating in activities that require repetitive jumping and landing can place too much stress on a band of tissue called the fascia, which supports the bones of the foot. Being overweight, having a high arch or flat foot and tight muscles in the calf and lower leg can all contribute to plantar fasciitis. With this condition, rest usually resolves the pain and activity makes it worse. Anti-inflammatory and pain medication may be necessary along with an exercise program to help manage the symptoms of plantar fasciitis. Wearing a heel support or orthotic can also help take pressure off the foot.
Achilles Tendinitis
The Achilles tendon, which connects the calf muscles to the heel bone, can become tight, making it prone to injury. According to the National Institutes of Health, improper training, arthritis and trauma can all cause this tendon to become inflamed or irritated. Participating in sports such as running or basketball that require a lot of jumping and impact can contribute to Achilles tendinitis. This injury can cause the heel to be tender to the touch and appear red and swollen. The pain might subside with rest and get worse when walking or running. Rest, physical therapy, medication and participating in a proper warm-up and cool-down period during activities can be helpful to relieve the symptoms.
Bone Spurs
Arthritis and other injuries can occur at sites where the bones of the feet meet or ligaments and tendons attach to the heel bone. This can make the heel area weak and can stimulate the body to heal itself by growing new bone. These abnormal growths on the surface of a bone are called bone spurs. Bone spurs can exist without ever causing symptoms. According to the Mayo Clinic, bone spurs can be beneficial when the body develops them to help support a weakened bone. However if the spurs rub on nearby tissue and muscles in the foot, they can cause pain. Injuries such as plantar fasciitis or one of the common forms of foot arthritis can contribute to the development of bone spurs in the heel.
Heel Stress Fracture
If the heel bone, called the calcaneus, develops a stress fracture, sharp localized pain might occur. Stress fractures are tiny cracks in the bone that are caused by overuse, improper footwear and poor training habits. A person who rolls in or out when walking or running can put excessive force on the bone, which can lead to a heel stress fracture. Stress fractures require rest, possible immobilization and plenty of time to heal before returning to normal activities.
