Frostbite is a serious condition that requires immediate attention. If it is treated soon after symptoms appear, recovery can occur. If left untreated, serious complications can result and amputation of the affected area may be required. The first step is to be familiar with its common signs and symptoms of frostbite: white or pale skin, skin that becomes firm or hard and a loss of sensation in the affected area. For the best outcome, treatment should start in the early stages of frostbite and before pain is felt or the skin blisters or becomes blue, gray or black.
Move to a Warm Place
As soon as frostbite is suspected, it is important to get to a warm room, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention notes. However, it is not recommended to walk on frostbitten feet. Once inside, remove wet and cold clothing and immerse the area in warm water that is comfortable to the touch and not too hot. It is important to warm the affected area slowly back to room temperature, which can take up to 30 minutes. Drinking warm liquids also can help to bring the body temperature back to normal. Do not refreeze the area, as this can cause more damage. Avoid using heat lamps or heating pads to prevent burns; because the affected area has a loss of sensation, it will be difficult to tell if the temperature of water or a heating pad is too much.
Wrap the Area
The National Institutes of Health recommends wrapping the affected body part. Use clean cloths, and wrap affected areas separately--for example, do not wrap two affected fingers together because any friction can cause more tissue damage. Keep the frostbitten area a still as possible until normal circulation and sensation return or medical help can be given. Do not break any blisters or rub the area to warm it, as this can cause additional damage.
Medication
If the methods above are not effective or if the area shows signs of extreme frostbite, get medical attention immediately. This includes severe pain, blisters or the skin becoming black. The Merck Manuals website claims that severe cases of frostbite can become very painful when thawed. Pain medication and anti-inflammatory drugs may be needed. Antibiotics may be prescribed if an infection is suspected. If the area fails to respond, amputation may be required.
