The contraceptive sponge is a barrier form of birth control that contains the spermicide nonoxynol-9. The doughnut-shaped sponge is inserted into the vagina just before intercourse and removed after at least six hours. The spermicide is effective in killing sperm to prevent pregnancy but it does not protect women against sexually transmitted diseases. As with any drug or medical device, side effects are possible from the use of the contraceptive sponge, but Epigee.org points out that the sponge has very few such effects.
Yeast Infection
A woman may experience more frequent yeast infections from using the device, as it may disrupt the natural bacterial and fungal levels in the vagina. Symptoms of a yeast infection include a substantial increase in vaginal discharge. The discharge is often white and thick, resembling cottage cheese. Treating a yeast infection typically requires the use of an antifungal medication in the form of a vaginal cream, vaginal suppository or an oral tablet.
Allergy
Few women are allergic to the contraceptive sponge, but allergies are possible, usually due to the spermicide or to the materials used to make the device. Symptoms of an allergy include vaginal discharge, redness, itching and burning.
Irritation
Drugs.com points out that some women may experience moderate irritation from the use of the contraceptive sponge, including the development of sores on the genitals or broken skin in or near the vagina.
Toxic Shock Syndrome
Misuse of the contraceptive sponge, such as leaving it in for more than 30 hours, can result in a pelvic infection. Reasons women should avoid using the contraceptive sponge include being on her menstrual period, having a partner with HIV/AIDS or having given birth within the past six weeks. YoungWomensHealth.org suggests that such improper use can contribute to the development of toxic shock syndrome, an infection in the vagina caused by an overgrowth of bacteria. Symptoms of TSS include a sudden fever, diarrhea, vomiting, a red rash in the vaginal area and dizziness or feeling faint.
