Deep vein thrombosis or DVT is a blood clot in one or more of the deep veins of the body. DVTs most often occur in the deep veins of the legs, but may also occur in the arms. Serious injuries, surgery, lack of movement, birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy, cancer, heart and lung disease, and certain hereditary conditions increase the risk for DVT. A DVT that breaks away and travels to the lungs causes a condition called pulmonary embolism, which is potentially life-threatening. DVT symptoms are caused by decreased venous blood flow in the area of the body affected by the blood clot.
Swelling
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports localized swelling in the affected area is a common symptom of DVT. A blood clot obstructs blood flow through the affected vein, causing a backup of blood and increased pressure behind the clot. This leads to fluid leakage into the tissues causing swelling. With a DVT of the leg, you may notice swelling of the foot, ankle or calf. A distinguishing characteristic of DVT-induced swelling compared to other causes of leg swelling is the fact that only one leg is affected. A DVT in the arm may cause swelling of the fingers, hands, wrist or forearm. Similarly, a DVT in the neck may cause swelling of the face, as the Mayo Clinic noted.
Pain and Tenderness
A DVT may cause pain. According to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), the pain may occur intermittently. For example, a DVT in the leg may cause pain only when you have been standing or walking. Similarly, a DVT in the arm may cause pain only when the affected arm is in use. Some people experience tenderness to pressure over the affected vein. The tenderness may follow the path of the affected vein. Notably, NHLBI reports roughly half of people with DVT experience no signs or symptoms.
Skin Discoloration and Warmth
The area affected by a DVT may exhibit skin discoloration, typically redness or a purplish tone. In some cases, the skin discoloration may mirror the path of the affected vein, although this is uncommon. The Mayo Clinic reports the affected area may also feel warm to the touch.
Diagnostic imaging tests and blood tests are used to confirm a diagnosis of DVT.
References
- Mayo Clinic: Deep Vein Thrombosis, Symptoms
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute: What is Deep Vein Thrombosis?
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute: What are the Signs and Symptoms of Deep Vein Thrombosis?
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Facts about Deep Vein Thrombosis
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Are You at Risk for Deep Vein Thrombosis?
