Bipolar disease refers to a psychiatric condition in which people have fluctuating emotions from depression to mania. The Mayo Clinic states that specific symptoms of bipolar disorder include an inflated sense of self-esteem, risky behavior, depression, rapid speech and racing thoughts. Sadness and hopelessness are its other symptoms. Fortunately, common drugs for the treatment of bipolar disorder exist.
Lithium
Lithium, commonly sold as Eskalith or Lithobid, is a medication that belongs to the class of drugs known as antimanic agents. It works to decrease the electrical activity in the brain. MedlinePlus reports that it specifically stops the brain from experiencing episodes of mania, or extreme euphoria. Lithium's less serious side effects include fatigue, vomiting, hair loss, acne, tongue pain and a dry mouth. Its serious side effects include frequent urination, a lack of coordination, twitching, excessive thirst and hallucinations. Phone a doctor when lithium leads to these side effects. Taking such drugs as aminophylline, trandolopril, caffeine or nifedipine may require a decrease in lithium's dose. Lithium is a capsule or tablet taken three to four times daily.
Valproic Acid
Valproic acid, commonly sold as Depakene, Stavzor or Depacon, is an anticonvulsant drug also used to treat bipolar disorder. Drugs.com reports that valproic acid also treats seizure disorders. Valproic acid's serious side effects include hair loss, weight loss, visual loss, tremors and stomach problems. Phone a doctor when valproic acid leads to these effects. Those who suffer from a bleeding or blood clotting disorder, a brain disorder, or an HIV or CMV infection may require a decrease in valproic acid's dose. Valproic acid is a tablet taken daily or as prescribed.
Lamotrigine
Lamotrigine, commonly sold as Lamictal, is an anticonvulsant medication that treats bipolar disorder and seizures. MedlinePlus explains that lamotrigine decreases the brain's excitement level. Lamotrigine's less concerning side effects include heartburn, mood changes, trouble concentrating, nervousness, a cough and a runny nose. Some of lamotrigine's serious side effects include chest pain, depression and swelling of the hands, feet or lower legs. Notify a doctor when lamotrigine leads to these side effects. Taking trimethoprim, oxycarbazepine, phenytoin or phenobarbital may require a decrease in lamotrigine's dose. Lamotrigine is a tablet taken once or twice a day.
