Navigation is an essential skill, whether you are on the trail or on the way to work. Aids range from simple techniques, such as noting the sun's position in the sky, to more sophisticated technology, such as a Global Positioning System, or GPS. GPS uses satellite signals to pinpoint your location. According to the International Marine Contractors Association, GPS accuracy is within about 60 feet. Knowledge of basic navigation skills can mean the difference between finding your way home or getting lost.
History
Sailors long relied on studying the stars to determine their course. Landing, however, presented certain dangers. According to the U.S. Coast Guard, the first lighthouse of the North American colonies was the Great Brewster Island lighthouse in Boston, constructed in 1716. This structure represented an important leap forward in the history of navigational aids. Technology became more sophisticated and current navigational aids virtually make the entire planet navigable.
Types
The simplest types of navigational aids are found in nature, which provides several ways you can navigate without a compass. One simple navigational aid is a pocket watch. Using the hour hand of your watch and the angle of the sun, you can approximate a north-south line. If you need to find your direction at night, simply look to the stars for the North Star, found off the edge of the cup of the Big Dipper.
Misconceptions
Today's GPS units are more accurate, perhaps making you think that maps are not necessary. A map, compass and GPS unit are complementary navigational aids that you should use together. Your GPS unit will only provide your current location. A map puts your location in context with the surrounding area, while a compass can direct your direction of travel.
Considerations
Certain conditions may interfere with a GPS signal, in which case you should use alternative ways to navigate. If you are in an area with heavy tree cover, you may not be able to receive a strong GPS signal. Before you enter a dense forest, you want to set a waypoint to be able to return to your starting point. A waypoint is simply a user-defined point. Your GPS unit may have a button on its display or you may need to navigate through a menu.
Function
Another function of navigational aids is to help you find your way on the water. You will find a defined series of markers on larger lakes and coastal areas. These markers tell you how to avoid hazards and navigate through channels. The patterns of colors and stripes on buoys were determined by the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA). Lateral buoys, for example, identify channels and the direction of travel. Hazards such as low water are indicated by horizontally-striped yellow and black buoys.
